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Classification of Technical Requirements and the Means of Addressing the Problem of Waste Management in a Refugee Camp

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Humanitarian Logistics and Sustainability

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Logistics ((LNLO))

Abstract

The problem of refugees has taken on great significance because of the increasing number of humanitarian crises (e.g. wars, earthquakes, floods, but also economic crises and social disparities). The main response of the international community to the increased scale of refugee movements has been that of humanitarian assistance, usually provided within the context of refugee camps. Furthermore, the unpredictability of the disasters and the urgency to face them make the camp design a very difficult task. Due to the importance of this theme, the authors have developed a refugee camp reference framework identifying the main requirements and characteristics of a camp during a manmade or a natural crisis and a set of key technical indicators to support a rapid, effective and fit camp design. Waste management plays a fundamental role in the problem of sanitation and hygiene in a refugee camp. Waste is unavoidable and, if not properly managed, it may cause environmental and health problem, yet it can also represent a great opportunity. The authors have analysed the composition and quantities of waste coming from humanitarian crises and discuss approaches and technical solutions to limit the problems and, wherever possible to convert waste into useful materials, equipment or power sources.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Bologna, v.le Risorgimento, 2, Bologna, 40136, Italy

    Alberto Regattieri & Francesco Piana

  2. Department of Technology Management, University of Padua, Str.della San Nicola 5, Vicenza, 39100, Italy

    Giulia Santarelli & Mauro Gamberi

Authors
  1. Alberto Regattieri
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  2. Giulia Santarelli
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  3. Francesco Piana
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  4. Mauro Gamberi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alberto Regattieri .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Logistics and Service Management, FOM University of Applied Sciences Essen, Essen, Germany

    Matthias Klumpp

  2. Nottingham Business School, AmsterdamVU, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands & Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom

    Sander de Leeuw

  3. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Alberto Regattieri

  4. The Logistics Institute Asia Pacific, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Robert de Souza

Annex1

Annex1

Minimum daily requirement of water

Water needs

Source

Water manual for refugee situations (UNHCR 1992)

Communicable disease control in emergencies—a field manual (WHO 2005)

Handbook for emergency, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR 2007)

Minimum requirements: immigrant connect (2010)

Assessment of energy, water and waste reduction options for the proposed AMISOM HQ in Mogadishu, Somalia and the support base in Mombasa, Kenya (UNEP 2010)

UNHCR (2011)

The sphere project. Humanitarian charter and minimum standards in disaster response (2013)

Minimum “survival” allocation (litres per person/day)

7

 

7

7

 

7

 

Minimum allocation (litres per person/day)

15–20

 

20

20

 

20

 

Hospital (litres per person/day)

220–300

      

Health centre (litres per patient-in/day)

40–60

50

40–60

40–60

 

40–60

 

Health centre (litres per patient-out/day)

5

     

5

Cholera centre (litres per patient/day)

      

60–75

Feeding centre (litres per person/day)

20–30

20–30

20–30

20–30

 

20–30

 

Kitchen (litres per person/day)

 

10

  

4

  

Livestock (litres per animal/day)

      

20–30

Schools (litres per pupil/day)

2

 

3

3

 

3

3

Offices (litres per cubicle/day)

  

2–8

2–8

 

2–8

 

Hand washing (litres per person/day)

  

1–2

1–2

8

1–2

1–2

Shower (litres per person/day)

    

30

  

Public toilet (water flushing) (litres per person/day)

    

28

 

20–40

Toilet cleaning (litres per person/day)

    

4.5

  

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Regattieri, A., Santarelli, G., Piana, F., Gamberi, M. (2015). Classification of Technical Requirements and the Means of Addressing the Problem of Waste Management in a Refugee Camp. In: Klumpp, M., de Leeuw, S., Regattieri, A., de Souza, R. (eds) Humanitarian Logistics and Sustainability. Lecture Notes in Logistics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15455-8_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15455-8_10

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-15454-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-15455-8

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