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Taurine Supplementation Enhances Insulin Secretion Without Altering Islet Morphology in Non-obese Diabetic Mice

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Book cover Taurine 9

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 803))

Abstract

Taurine (TAU) is a sulfated amino acid that improves pancreatic islet function and regulates β-cell mass in pre- and diabetic states. We herein analyzed glucose homeostasis and islet morphofunction in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice supplemented with 2 % TAU in their drinking water from birth until 90-days of age. TAU-supplemented female NOD mice (TAU group) showed a better glucose tolerance without modification in insulinemia, when compared to non-supplemented NOD mice (CTL). Glucose-induced insulin secretion was higher in islets isolated from female and male TAU groups. In addition, a better insulin release was observed at 30 mM K+ in islets from female TAU mice. These effects were accompanied by a higher total intracellular Ca2+ concentration in islets from female and male TAU mice. TAU-treated mice did not show any alteration in β-cell and islet areas, compared with CTL mice. Islets from TAU female mice presented a higher ratio of phosphorylated Akt and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) related to Akt and ERK protein content, respectively, in comparison with CTL islets. Additional experiments using isolated islets from Swiss mice showed that 3 mM TAU prevented the reduction in insulin secretion induced by 12 h incubation with IL1-β or IL1-β + IFN-γ. In conclusion, TAU supplementation improved NOD islet function without altering endocrine pancreatic morphometry, an effect that may be associated with a protective TAU effect upon cytokine-induced islet dysfunction, together with an improved protein expression of Akt and ERK.

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Abbreviations

Akt:

thymoma viral proto-oncogene/protein kinase B

AUC:

Area under curve

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

CHOL:

Cholesterol

CTL:

Control

[Ca2+]i :

Intracellular Ca2+ concentration

ERK:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase

Iκ-Bα:

Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B α

IFN-γ:

Interferon γ

IL:

Interleukin

ipGTT:

Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test

IGF:

Insulin-like growth factor

IR:

Insulin receptor

IRS:

IR substrates

KRB:

Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate

NOD:

Non-obese diabetic

NEFA:

Non-esterified fatty acids

NFκB:

Nuclear factor kappa B

RIA:

Radioimmunoassay

STAT:

Signal transducers and activators of transcription

TAU:

Taurine

TG:

Triglycerides

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis fator α

T1D:

Type 1 diabetes

T2D:

Type 2 diabetes

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by grants from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP); Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa (FAPERJ); Conselho Nacional para o Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Instituto Nacional de Obesidade e Diabetes (CNPq/FAPESP). We thank Nicola Conran for editing English.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ-Macaé, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Rosane Aparecida Ribeiro

  2. Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

    Junia Carolina Santos-Silva, Jean Franciesco Vettorazzi, Beatriz Borghi Cotrim, Antonio Carlos Boschero & Everardo Magalhães Carneiro

Authors
  1. Rosane Aparecida Ribeiro
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  2. Junia Carolina Santos-Silva
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  3. Jean Franciesco Vettorazzi
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  4. Beatriz Borghi Cotrim
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  5. Antonio Carlos Boschero
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  6. Everardo Magalhães Carneiro
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Correspondence to Rosane Aparecida Ribeiro .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Chair of Immunology, Medical College Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland

    Janusz Marcinkiewicz

  2. Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA

    Stephen W. Schaffer

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Ribeiro, R.A., Santos-Silva, J.C., Vettorazzi, J.F., Cotrim, B.B., Boschero, A.C., Carneiro, E.M. (2015). Taurine Supplementation Enhances Insulin Secretion Without Altering Islet Morphology in Non-obese Diabetic Mice. In: Marcinkiewicz, J., Schaffer, S. (eds) Taurine 9. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 803. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15126-7_27

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