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Emerging Cancer Biomarkers for HNSCC Detection and Therapeutic Intervention

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Contemporary Oral Oncology

Abstract

The overall incidence and global mortality rate for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) still remains high, which could be partly attributed to the lack of validated biomarkers for the early diagnosis of HNSCC as well as suitable biomarkers of prognostic value and to predict and monitor treatment response to conventional and novel molecular-targeted therapies. The recent explosion of publically available information on the HNSCC oncogenome, epigenome, transcriptome, microRNAome, and proteome, as well as the presence of altered DNAs, RNAs, microRNAs, and secreted proteins and other biomolecules in the saliva of HNSCC patients, is already having a remarkable impact in the pipeline of biomarker candidates. In parallel, there is a wealth of recently developed innovative technologies for the detection of minute amounts of biomarkers in tissue extracts and biofluids, involving nanosensing devices that can soon be deployed at the point of care in the clinic. Examples of recently established biomarker detection platform using microfluidic immunoarray devices featuring nanostructured electrodes enabling the rapid and ultrasensitive detection of proteins in biofluids and tissue sections in HNSCC patients are provided. We also discuss here the emerging information from recent cancer biomarker studies, which is expected to result in the identification and validation of relevant HNSCC biomarkers. When combined with novel strategies for detection and quantification, panels of these markers will surely have excellent potential for use in the early detection of potentially malignant lesions, as well as to predict and monitor a beneficial clinical response to newly developed molecular-targeted therapeutic agents for HNSCC. We can expect that the emerging pipeline of biomarkers will soon have a significant favorable impact in the prevention, management, and treatment of HNSCC, with the consequent increase in the quality of life and life expectancy of the HNSCC patients.

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Financial Support

This work was supported by the Intramural Program of the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research and R01EB014586 from the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, USA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Vyomesh Patel, Zhiyong Wang & Alfredo A. Molinolo

  2. State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China

    Zhiyong Wang & Qianming Chen

  3. Departments of Chemistry, Cell Biology, and Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA

    James F. Rusling

  4. School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Ireland, Galway

    James F. Rusling

  5. Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Building 30, Room 211, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4330, USA

    J. Silvio Gutkind

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  1. Vyomesh Patel
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Correspondence to J. Silvio Gutkind .

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  1. Department of Head and Neck, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, USA

    Moni Abraham Kuriakose

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Patel, V., Wang, Z., Chen, Q., Rusling, J.F., Molinolo, A.A., Gutkind, J.S. (2017). Emerging Cancer Biomarkers for HNSCC Detection and Therapeutic Intervention. In: Kuriakose, M.A. (eds) Contemporary Oral Oncology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14911-0_6

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