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Milk Lipids

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Dairy Chemistry and Biochemistry

Abstract

The milk of all mammals contains lipids but the concentration varies widely between species from ~2 % to >50 % (Table 3.1). The principal function of dietary lipids is to serve as a source of energy for the neonate and the fat content in milk largely reflects the energy requirements of the species, e.g., land animals indigenous to cold environments and marine mammals secrete high levels of lipids in their milk.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College, Cork, Ireland

    P. F. Fox, T. Uniacke-Lowe, P. L. H. McSweeney & J. A. O’Mahony

Authors
  1. P. F. Fox
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  2. T. Uniacke-Lowe
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  3. P. L. H. McSweeney
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  4. J. A. O’Mahony
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Appendices

3.18 Appendix A: Principal Fatty Acids in Milk Fat

Abbreviated designation

Structure

Systematic name

Common name

Melting point (°C)

Odour threshold value mg/kg

Saturated

     

C4:0

CH3(CH2)2COOH

Butanoic acid

Butyric acid

−7.9

0.5–10

C6:0

CH3(CH2)4COOH

Hexanoic acid

Caproic acid

−3.9

3

C8:0

CH3(CH2)6COOH

Octanoic acid

Caprylic acid

16.3

3

C10:0

CH3(CH2)8COOH

Decanoic acid

Capric acid

31.3

10

C12:0

CH3(CH2)10COOH

Dodecanoic acid

Lauric acid

44.0

10

C14:0

CH3(CH2)12COOH

Tetradecanoic acid

Myristic acid

54.0

 

C16:0

CH3(CH2)14COOH

Hexadecanoic acid

Palmitic acid

62.9

 

C18:0

CH3(CH2)16COOH

Octadecanoic acid

Stearic acid

69.6

 

Unsaturated

     
 

ω9-Family

    

16:1

CH3(CH2)5CH = CH–CH2–(CH2)6–COOH

Δ9-Hexadecenoic acid

Palmitoleic acid

0.5

 

18:1

CH3(CH2)7CH = CH–CH2–(CH2)6–COOH

Δ9-Octadecenoic acid

Oleic acid

13.4

 
 

ω6-Family

    

18:2

CH3(CH2)4–(CH = CH–CH2)2–(CH2)6–COOH

Δ9,12-Octadecdienoic acid

Linoleic acid

−5.0

 

18:3

CH3(CH2)4–(CH = CH–CH2)3–(CH2)3–COOH

Δ6,9,12-Octadectrienoic acid

γ-Linoleic acid

  

20:4

CH3(CH2)4–(CH = CH–CH2)4–(CH2)2–COOH

Δ5,8,11,14-Ecosatetraenoic acid

Arachidonic acid

−49.5

 
 

ω3-Family

    

18:3

CH3–CH2–(CH = CH–CH2)3–(CH2)6–COOH

Δ9,12,15-Octadectrienoic acid

α-Linolenic acid

−11.0

 
 

Δ9-Family

    

3.19 Appendix B

figure d
figure e

3.20 Appendix C

figure f

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Fox, P.F., Uniacke-Lowe, T., McSweeney, P.L.H., O’Mahony, J.A. (2015). Milk Lipids. In: Dairy Chemistry and Biochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14892-2_3

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