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Hormonal Influence and Modulation in Aging

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Nutrition, Exercise and Epigenetics: Ageing Interventions

Part of the book series: Healthy Ageing and Longevity ((HAL,volume 2))

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Abstract

Hormones regulate physiological functions and maintain homeostasis in the body. In aging animals, the levels of many hormones decrease in the blood or target cells become insensitive to certain hormones, thereby causing aging-related disorders. For example, a reduction in the levels of growth hormone (GH) and its peripheral effector, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1 ), causes physical frailty due to loss of bone and lean muscle mass in humans. However, inhibition of the GH-IGF-1 axis by genetic manipulation promotes survival in a wide range of animals. Calorie restriction (CR), a nongenetic intervention that extends the lifespan of animals, also inhibits the GH-IGF-1 axis. That is the GH-IGF-1 paradox of aging. This chapter describes our current understanding of the signaling pathways that regulate aging and thus lifespan, particularly focusing on the GH-IGF-1 axis and its downstream signaling. Modulation of neuroendocrine systems by CR is also reviewed in terms of extension of lifespan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan

    Isao Shimokawa

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  1. Isao Shimokawa
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Correspondence to Isao Shimokawa .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA

    Byung Pal Yu

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Shimokawa, I. (2015). Hormonal Influence and Modulation in Aging. In: Yu, B. (eds) Nutrition, Exercise and Epigenetics: Ageing Interventions. Healthy Ageing and Longevity, vol 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14830-4_4

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