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Halophiles pp 323–354Cite as

Microbial Hydrocarbon-Removal Under Halostress

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Part of the book series: Sustainable Development and Biodiversity ((SDEB,volume 6))

Abstract

Oceans which occupy about 70 % of the earth’s surface represent a moderately saline environment. In addition, there are all over the world hypersaline areas, and the industry continuously produces huge amounts of liquid saline wastes. Similar to the nonsaline environments, saline ones harbor halophilic/halotolerant microorganisms with versatile physiological activities. Many of them are phototrophs or chemolithotrophs, and consequently serve as primary producers in these environments. Other microorganisms have the potential for biodegradation of xenobiotic compounds. The saline environments are also subjected to hydrocarbon pollution through legal and illegal human activity. Such environments too harbor halophilic/halotolerant, hydrocarbonoclastic microorganism which rid those environments of hydrocarbon pollutants. These microorganism are either planktonic, or more frequently associated with other microbes to form biofilms on animate and inanimates substrates. Seawaters accommodate numerous hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria belonging predominantly to the Gammaproteobacteria subgroup. Most prominent are the members of the group of the “obligate hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria” (OHCB) belonging to the genera Alcanivorax, Marinobacter, Thalassolithus, Cycloclasticus and Oleispira. Hypersaline areas harbor in addition, hydrocarbonoclastic haloarchaea. Artificially established biofilms comprising halophilic, hydrocarbonclastic microorganisms revealed active in hydrocarbon removal. It may be expected that the future will witness using such man-made biofilms in bioremediation of saline wastes polluted with hydrocarbons in bioreactors.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks are due to Mr. Mohamed Eliyas for the technical help he offered to us during the preparation of this chapter. Much literature information in this text has been collected within our Research projects RS 01/12, and YS 03/04. For this, we have to thank also our earlier co-workers Mrs. Rasha Sulaiman and Mrs. Maiss Marafie, as well as our current co-worker Mrs. Mayada Kansour.

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  1. Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Kuwait University, 5969, Safat, 13060, Kuwait

    Samir S-A. Radwan & Dina M. Al-Mailem

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  1. Samir S-A. Radwan
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  2. Dina M. Al-Mailem
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Correspondence to Samir S-A. Radwan .

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  1. Dept of Botany & Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri Univ, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

    Dinesh K Maheshwari

  2. Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

    Meenu Saraf

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Radwan, S.SA., Al-Mailem, D.M. (2015). Microbial Hydrocarbon-Removal Under Halostress. In: Maheshwari, D., Saraf, M. (eds) Halophiles. Sustainable Development and Biodiversity, vol 6. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14595-2_12

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