Abstract
Lianas are more diverse and typically more abundant in tropical than temperate forests, with subtropical forests being intermediate. In this chapter, we analyze geographical, taxonomical and ecological patterns of lianas in subtropical forests of Northern Argentina, including Mountain Forests (MF), Atlantic Forests (AF); and Dry and Humid Chaco Forests (DCh and HCh, respectively). A total of 184 woody species of climbing plants were recognized in all four subtropical forests, with 35 species exclusive to MF, 38 exclusive to AF, while DCh and HCh had 2 and 8 exclusive species, respectively. In MF most liana species belonged to Sapindaceae and Bignoniaceae (16 % each), followed by Malpighiaceae (11 %) and Apocynaceae (10 %). In AF most liana species belonged to Bignoniaceae (21 %) followed by Apocynaceae (12 %), Fabaceae (11 %), Malpighiaceae (11 %) and Sapindaceae (10 %). Considering all liana species together, the most common climbing mechanisms included tendrils and twiners. The highest liana density was observed in the semideciduous Atlantic Forest, followed by the deciduous Humid Chaco Forest and the semideciduous Montane Forest. The semideciduous Atlantic Forest has also relatively high liana species richness as compared to other subtropical forests, followed by semideciduous MF. Besides geographical location and forest disturbances, little is known about how lianas respond to other environmental factors that drive patterns of liana density and diversity in these subtropical forests.
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Karina Buzza from SIGA PROYUNGAS made the figure of the study area.
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Appendix
Appendix
Liana species recorded in subtropical forests of northern Argentina, listed by plant family, climbing mechanism, and forest type
Liana species | Climbing mechanism | Forest type | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
UM | LM | P | DCh | HCh | AF | ||
Amaranthaceae | |||||||
Alternanthera scandens Herzog | Scrambler | ● | |||||
Chamissoa altissima (Jacq.) Kunth | Scrambler | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||
Hebanthe eriantha (Poir.) Pedersen | Scrambler | ● | |||||
Hebanthe occidentalis (R.E. Fr.) Borsch & Pedersen | Scrambler | ● | ● | ||||
Apocynaceae | |||||||
Condylocarpon isthmicum (Vell.) A.DC. | Twiner | ● | |||||
Fischeria stellata (Vell.) E.Fourn. | Twiner | ● | |||||
Forsteronia glabrescens Mull. Arg. | Twiner | ● | ● | ● | |||
Forsteronia pubescens A. DC. | Twiner | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||
Forsteronia refracta Müll. Arg. | Twiner | ● | |||||
Forsteronia thyrsoidea (Vell.) Müll. Arg. | Twiner | ● | ● | ● | |||
Jobinia lindbergii E. Fourn. | Twiner | ● | |||||
Macropharynx meyeri (C. Ezcurra) Xifreda | Twiner | ● | |||||
Macroscepis aurea E. Fourn. | Twiner | ● | ● | ● | |||
Mandevilla pentladiana (A. DC.) Woodson | Twiner | ● | |||||
Marsdenia macrophylla (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult) E. Fourn. | Twiner | ● | |||||
Mesechites trifidus (Jacq.) Müll. Arg. | Twiner | ● | ● | ||||
Oxypetalum erianthum Decne. | Twiner | ● | ● | ● | |||
Peltastes peltatus (Vell.) Woodson | Twiner | ● | ● | ||||
Prestonia coalita (Vell.) Woodson | Twiner | ● | ● | ||||
Prestonia cyaniphylla (Rusby) Woodson | Twiner | ● | ● | ||||
Prestonia quinquangularis (Jacq.) Spreng. | Twiner | ● | ● | ● | |||
Prestonia riedelli (Mull. Arg.) Markgr | Twiner | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||
Aristolochiaceae | |||||||
Aristolochia esperanzae Kuntze | Tendril | ● | |||||
Aristolochia gibertii Hook. | Tendril | ● | |||||
Aristolochia odoratissima L. | Tendril | ● | |||||
Aristolochia triangularis Cham. | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Euglypha rojasiana Chodat & Hassl. | Tendril | ● | |||||
Asteraceae | |||||||
Mikania glomerata Spreng. | Twiner | ● | ● | ||||
Mikania variifolia Hieron. | Twiner | ● | ● | ||||
Mutisia acuminata Ruiz et Pav. var paucijuga (Griseb.) Cabrera | Tendril | ● | |||||
Mutisia saltensis Cabrera | Tendril | ● | |||||
Piptocarpha sellowii (Sch. Bip.) Baker | Scrambler | ● | ● | ||||
Pseudogynoxys cabrerae H. Rob. et Cuatrec. | Twiner | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||
Salmea scandens (L.) DC. | Scrambler | ● | ● | ||||
Vernonia fulta Griseb. | Scrambler | ● | ● | ||||
Wedelia saltensis Cabrera | Scrambler | ● | ● | ||||
Bignoniaceae | |||||||
Adenocalymma marginatum (Cham.) DC. marginatum | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Adenocalymma paulistarum Bureau & K. Schum. | Tendril | ● | |||||
Adenocalymma scansile Miers | Tendril | ● | |||||
Amphilophium carolinae (Lindl.) L.G. Lohmann | Tendril | ● | ● | ● | |||
Amphilophium crucigerum (L.) L.G. Lohmann | Tendril | ● | ● | ● | |||
Amphilophium paniculatum (L.) Kunth | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Amphilophium pannosum (DC.) Bureau & K. Schum. | Tendril | ● | |||||
Amphilophium sandwithii Fabris | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Bignonia binata Thumb. | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Bignonia callistegioides Cham. | Tendril | ● | ● | ● | |||
Bignonia decora (S. Moore) L.G. Lohmann | Tendril | ● | |||||
Bignonia sciuripabulum (K. Schum.) L.G. Lohmann | Tendril | ● | |||||
Cuspidaria convoluta (Vell.) A.H. Gentry | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Dolichandra chodatii (Hassl.) L.G. Lohmann | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Dolichandra cynanchoides Cham. | Tendril | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |
Dolichandra quadrivalvis (Jacq.) L.G. Lohmann | Tendril | ● | ● | ● | |||
Dolichandra uncata (Andrews) L.G. Lohmann | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Dolichandra unguis-cati (L.) L.G. Lohmann | Tendril | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |
Fridericia candicans (Rich.) L.G. Lohmann | Tendril | ● | |||||
Fridericia caudigera (S. Moore) L.G. Lohmann | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Fridericia chica (Bonpl.) L.G. Lohmann | Tendril | ● | |||||
Fridericia dichotoma (S. Moore) L.G. Lohmann | Tendril | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||
Fridericia florida (DC.) L.G. Lohmann | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Fridericia samydoides (Cham.) L.G. Lohmann | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Fridericia triplinervia (DC.) L.G. Lohmann | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Fridericia truncata (Sprague) L.G. Lohmann | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Mansoa difficilis (Cham.) Bureau & K. Schum. | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Pyrostegia venusta (Ker Gawl.) Miers | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Tanaecium cyrtathum (Mart. ex DC.) Bureau et K. Schum. | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Tanaecium mutabile (Bureau & K. Schum.) L.G. Lohmann | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Tanaecium selloi (Spreng.) L.G. Lohmann | Tendril | ● | ● | ● | |||
Tourretia lappacea (L’Her) Willd. | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Tynanthus micranthus Corr. Méllo ex K. Schum. | Tendril | ● | |||||
Cactaceae | |||||||
Pereskia aculeata Mill. | Twiner | ● | ● | ||||
Celtidaceae | |||||||
Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sarg | Scrambler/Spines | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||
Cucurbitaceae | |||||||
Siolmatra brasiliensis (Cogn.) Baill. var. pubescens (Griseb.) Cogn. | Tendril | ● | ● | ● | |||
Dilleniaceae | |||||||
Tetracera oblongata DC. | Twiner | ● | |||||
Euphorbiaceae | |||||||
Dalechampia stipulacea Müll. Arg. | Twiner | ● | ● | ||||
Fabaceae | |||||||
Acacia nitidifolia Speg. | Scrambler | ● | |||||
Acacia parviceps (Speg.) Burkart | Scrambler/Spines | ● | ● | ● | |||
Acacia tucumanensis Griseb. | Scrambler/Spines | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||
Acacia velutina DC. | Scrambler/Spines | ● | |||||
Bauhinia microstachya (Raddi) J.F. Macbr. | Tendril | ● | |||||
Canavalia piperi Killip et J.F. Macbr. | Twiner | ● | |||||
Clitoria cordobensis Burkart | Twiner | ● | |||||
Cratylia intermedia (Hassl.) L.P. Queiroz & R. Monteiro | Tendril | ● | |||||
Dalbergia frutescens (Vell.) Britton | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Dioclea violacea Mart. ex Benth. | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Mimosa sensibilis Griseb. | Scrambler/Spines | ● | ● | ||||
Mimosa velloziana Mart. | Scrambler/Spines | ● | ● | ● | |||
Mucuna sloanei Fawc. & Rendle | Twiner | ● | |||||
Nissolia fruticosa Jacq. | Twiner | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||
Vigna caracalla (L.) Verdc. | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Hippocrateaceae | |||||||
Elachyptera micrantha (Cambess.) AC. Sm. | Twiner | ● | |||||
Hippocratea volubilis L. | Twiner | ● | ● | ||||
Pristimera andina Miers | Twiner | ● | ● | ||||
Liliaceae | |||||||
Herreria bonplandii Lecomte | Scrambler/Twiner | ● | ● | ● | |||
Herreria montevidensis Klotzsch ex Griseb. | Twiner | ● | ● | ||||
Logoniaceae | |||||||
Strychnos brasiliensis (Spreng.) Mart. | Scrambler | ● | |||||
Malphighiaceae | |||||||
Alicia anisopetala (A. Juss.) W.R. Anderson | Twiner | ● | |||||
Banisteriopsis caapi (Griseb.) C.V. Morton | Twiner | ● | ● | ● | |||
Banisteriopsis lutea (Griseb.) Cuatrec. | Twiner | ● | ● | ||||
Banisteriopsis muricata (Cav.) Cuatrec. | Scrambler/Twiner | ● | ● | ● | |||
Callaeum psilophyllum (A. Juss.) D.M. Johnson | Scrambler/Twiner | ● | ● | ||||
Dicella nucifera Chodat | Twiner | ● | ● | ||||
Heladena multiflora (Hook. & Arn.) Nied. | Twiner | ● | |||||
Heteropterys amplexicaulis Morong | Twiner | ● | |||||
Heteropterys argyrophaea A. Juss. | Twiner | ● | ● | ||||
Heteropterys bicolor A. Juss. | Twiner | ● | |||||
Heteropterys cochleosperma A. Juss. | Scrambler/Twiner | ● | ● | ||||
Heteropterys dumetorum (Griseb.) Nied. | Scrambler/Twiner | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||
Heteropterys intermedia (A. Juss.) Griseb. | Twiner | ● | |||||
Heteropterys mollis (Nied.) Nied. | Scrambler | ● | |||||
Heteropterys schulziana W.R. Anderson | Scrambler/Twiner | ● | |||||
Heteropterys sylvatica A. Juss | Scrambler | ● | ● | ||||
Hiraea fagifolia (DC.) A. Juss. | Twiner | ● | ● | ||||
Janusia guaranitica (St. Hil.) A. Juss. | Twiner | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |
Mascagnia brevifolia Griseb. | Twiner | ● | ● | ||||
Mascagnia divaricata (Kunth) Nied. | Twiner | ● | ● | ||||
Niedenzuella sericea A. Juss. W.R. Anderson | Twiner | ● | |||||
Stigmaphyllon bonariense (Hook. & Arn.) C.E. Anderson | Twiner | ● | ● | ||||
Stigmaphyllon jatrophifolium A. Juss. | Twiner | ● | ● | ||||
Menispermaceae | |||||||
Odontocarya acuparata Miers | Twiner | ● | ● | ||||
Odontocarya asarifolia Barneby | Twiner | ● | ● | ● | |||
Nyctaginaceae | |||||||
Pisionella arborescens (Lag. Et Rodr.) Standl | Scrambler | ● | ● | ||||
Pisonia aculeata L. | Scrambler | ● | ● | ||||
Passifloraceae | |||||||
Passiflora alata Curtis | Tendril | ● | |||||
Passiflora edulis Sims | Tendril | ● | |||||
Passiflora elegans Mast. | Tendril | ● | |||||
Phytolaccaceae | |||||||
Seguieria aculeata Jacq. | Scrambler/Spines | ● | ● | ● | |||
Trichostigma octandrum (L.) H. Walter | Scrambler/Spines | ● | ● | ● | |||
Polygonaceae | |||||||
Muehlenbeckia sagittifolia (Ortega) Meisn. | Twiner | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||
Ranunculaceae | |||||||
Clematis bonariensis Juss. Ex DC. | Twiner | ● | |||||
Clematis campestris A. St.-Hil. | Twiner | ● | |||||
Clematis dioica L. | Twiner | ● | |||||
Clematis haenkeana C. Presl. | No special organs | ● | ● | ||||
Clematis montevidensis Spreng. | No special organs | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||
Rhamnaceae | |||||||
Gouania latifolia Reissek. | Tendril | ● | |||||
Gouania lupuloides (L.) Urb. | Tendril | ● | ● | ● | |||
Gouania polygama (Jacq.) Urb. | Tendril | ● | ● | ● | |||
Gouania ulmifolia Hook. & Arn. | Tendril | ● | |||||
Rosaceae | |||||||
Rubus imperialis Cham et Schltdl. | Spines | ● | ● | ● | |||
Rubiaceae | |||||||
Chiococca alba (L.) C.L. Hitchc | Scrambler | ● | ● | ||||
Sapindaceae | |||||||
Paullinia elegans Cambess | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Paullinia meliaefolia Juss. | Tendril | ● | |||||
Paullinia pinnata L. | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Serjania ampelopsis Planch. et Linden | Tendril | ● | |||||
Serjania caracasana (Jacq.) Willd. | Tendril | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||
Serjania confertiflora Radlk. | Tendril | ● | |||||
Serjania foveata Griseb. | Tendril | ● | ● | ● | |||
Serjania fuscifolia Radlk. | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Serjania glabrata Kunth | Tendril | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||
Serjania glutinosa Radlk. | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Serjania hebecarpa Benth. | Tendril | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||
Serjania laruotteana Cambess | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Serjania longistipula Radlk | Tendril | ● | |||||
Serjania marginata Casar. | Tendril | ● | ● | ● | |||
Serjania meridionalis Cambess | Tendril | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||
Serjania perulacea Radlk. | Tendril | ● | ● | ● | |||
Serjania sufferruginea Radlk. | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Serjania tripleuria Ferrucci | Tendril | ● | ● | ● | |||
Thinouia mucronata Radlk. | Tendril | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||
Urvillea chacoensis Hunz. | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Urvillea laevis Radlk. | Tendril | ● | |||||
Urvillea ulmacea Kunth | Tendril | ● | ● | ● | |||
Urvillea uniloba Radlk. | Tendril | ● | |||||
Smilacaceae | |||||||
Smilax assumptionis A.DC. | Tendril | ● | |||||
Smilax campestris Griseb. | Tendril | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||
Smilax cognata Kunth | Tendril | ● | |||||
Smilax fluminensis Steud. | Tendril | ● | |||||
Smilax pilcomayensis Guagl. & Gattuso | Tendril | ● | |||||
Solanaceae | |||||||
Salpichroa scandens Dammer | Scrambler | ● | |||||
Salpichroa tristis Miers var. tristis | Scrambler | ● | |||||
Solanum calileguae Cabrera | Scrambler | ● | |||||
Solanum hirtellum (Spreng.) Hassl. | Scrambler | ● | |||||
Solanum ipomoeoides Chodat | No special organs | ● | ● | ● | |||
Sterculiaceae | |||||||
Byttneria catalpifolia Jacq. | Twiner | ● | |||||
Byttneria filipes Mart. ex K. Schum | Twiner | ● | ● | ||||
Byttneria oranensis Cristóbal | Twiner | ● | ● | ||||
Violaceae | |||||||
Anchietea pyrifolia Hallier | Twiner | ● | ● | ||||
Vitaceae | |||||||
Cissus palmata Poir. | Tendril | ● | ● | ● | |||
Cissus simsiana Schult. et Schult. fil. | Tendril | ● | |||||
Cissus striata Ruiz et Pav. | Tendril | ● | ● | ● | |||
Cissus subrhomboidea (Baker) Planch. | Tendril | ● | |||||
Cissus sulcicaulis Planch | Tendril | ● | ● | ||||
Cissus tweediana (Baker) Griseb. | Tendril | ● | ● | ● | |||
Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson et C.E. Jarvis | Tendril | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● |
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Malizia, A., Campanello, P.I., Villagra, M., Ceballos, S. (2015). Geographical, Taxonomical and Ecological Aspects of Lianas in Subtropical Forests of Argentina. In: Parthasarathy, N. (eds) Biodiversity of Lianas. Sustainable Development and Biodiversity, vol 5. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14592-1_3
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