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A Comparison of Transcriptomes Between Germinating Seeds and Growing Axillary Buds of Arabidopsis

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Book cover Advances in Plant Dormancy

Abstract

Plant growth is constrained by developmental and environmental cues. This growth constraint is strategic and determines plant’s architecture and competence of environmental adaptation. Dormancy is one form of growth arrest that commonly occurs in seeds and axillary buds. Transcriptomes of germinating seeds and axillary buds display some characteristic features in over-represented cis-acting elements in the promoters of genes whose expressions are associated with germination or axillary bud outgrowth. Two cis-acting elements, Up1 and Up2, are over-represented in the promoters of up-regulated genes during germination or axillary bud growth. Gene ontology classification indicated that genes containing Up1- or Up2-cis-acting elements are associated with protein synthesis and cell cycle. Interestingly, a significant proportion of the Up1- and Up2-containing genes expressed in growing axillary buds encode for protein synthesis- and cell cycle-related proteins, while those expressed in germinating seeds encode for protein synthesis, but not cell cycle-related proteins. Additionally, promoters of genes down-regulated during seed germination or axillary bud outgrowth contain a significant over-representation of abscisic acid-responsive elements (ABRE). The down-regulated genes containing ABRE promoter elements are enriched for processes related to metabolism and stress response in both seeds and axillary buds, although different sets of genes are expressed in each organ. This suggests that unidentified organ-specific cis-acting elements are involved in the transcriptional regulation of down-regulated genes.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

ABRE:

Abscisic acid responsive element

ABRC:

ABA-response complex

BRC1:

BRANCHED1

CE:

Coupling element

FR:

Far-red light

GA:

Gibberellin

GO:

Gene ontology

MAX:

MORE AXILLARY GROWTH

R:

Red light

TCP:

TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge Professor Belay Ayele (Department of Plant Sciences, University of Manitoba) for valuable comments on this manuscript. This work was financially supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant and NSERC Strategic Project Grant to E.N. [grant number: RGPIN-2014-03621, STPGP 397474-10]

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

    Dawei Yan, Akira Endo & Eiji Nambara

  2. Laboratory of Plant Organ Development, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan

    Kiyoshi Tatematsu

  3. Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany

    Kazumi Nakabayashi

  4. Present address; Crop Breeding Research Division, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Naro, Japan

    Akira Endo

  5. Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan

    Masanori Okamoto

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  1. Dawei Yan
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  1. Sunflower and Plant Biology Research, USDA-ARS, Fargo, North Dakota, USA

    James V. Anderson

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Yan, D., Tatematsu, K., Nakabayashi, K., Endo, A., Okamoto, M., Nambara, E. (2015). A Comparison of Transcriptomes Between Germinating Seeds and Growing Axillary Buds of Arabidopsis. In: Anderson, J. (eds) Advances in Plant Dormancy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14451-1_13

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