Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy

  • Chapter
Endoscopy in Small Bowel Disorders

  • 1372 Accesses

Abstract

The video capsule endoscope has revolutionized the evaluation of the small bowel mucosa. Safe, noninvasive, and accurate, capsule endoscopy has become instrumental in the investigation of the small bowel for obscure bleeding, Crohn’s disease, small intestinal tumors, ulcers, strictures, arteriovenous malformations, and other disorders, providing access to bowel segments previously inaccessible by push enteroscopy and ileocolonoscopy. Capsule endoscopy is complementary to imaging tests (computerized tomographic enterography and magnetic resonance enterography) and deep enteroscopy (double-balloon, single-balloon, and intraoperative enteroscopy). This chapter provides a comprehensive review of small bowel capsule endoscopy in adult patients, including discussion of such issues as bowel preparation, procedure protocol, technical details of currently available capsules as well as those in development, the diagnostic yield and accuracy for obscure bleeding, anemia, Crohn’s disease and other indications, contraindications and complications, current limitations of capsule technology, and future possibilities.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Swain P, Adler D, Enns R. Capsule endoscopy in obscure intestinal bleeding. Endoscopy. 2005;37(7):655–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Bourreille A, Ignjatovic A, Aabakken L, Loftus Jr EV, Eliakim R, Pennazio M, et al. Role of small-bowel endoscopy in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: an international OMED-ECCO consensus. Endoscopy. 2009;41(7):618–37.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Eliakim R. Video capsule endoscopy of the small bowel. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2013;29(2):133–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Gralnek IM, Defranchis R, Seidman E, Leighton JA, Legnani P, Lewis BS. Development of a capsule endoscopy scoring index for small bowel mucosal inflammatory change. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;27(2):146–54.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Cave DR, Fleischer DE, Leighton JA, Faigel DO, Heigh RI, Sharma VK, et al. A multicenter randomized comparison of the endocapsule and the pillcam sb. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008;68(3):487–94.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Hartmann D, Eickhoff A, Damian U, Riemann JF. Diagnosis of small-bowel pathology using paired capsule endoscopy with two different devices: a randomized study. Endoscopy. 2007;39(12):1041–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Pioche M, Gaudin JL, Filoche B, Jacob P, Lamouliatte H, Lapalus MG, et al. Prospective, randomized comparison of two small-bowel capsule endoscopy systems in patients with obscure GI bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011;73(6):1181–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Choi EH, Mergener K, Semrad C, Fisher L, Cave DR, Dodig M, et al. A multicenter, prospective, randomized comparison of a novel signal transmission capsule endoscope to an existing capsule endoscope. Gastrointest Endosc. 2013;78(2):325–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Kim HM, Kim YJ, Kim HJ, Park S, Park JY, Shin SK, et al. A pilot study of sequential capsule endoscopy using MiroCam and PillCam SB devices with different transmission technologies. Gut Liver. 2010;4(2):192–200.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Dolak W, Kulnigg-Dabsch S, Evstatiev R, Gasche C, Trauner M, Puspok A. A randomized head-to-head study of small-bowel imaging comparing mirocam and endocapsule. Endoscopy. 2012;44(11):1012–20.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Pioche M, Vanbervliet G, Jacob P, de Duburque C, Gincul R, Filoche B, et al. Prospective randomized comparison between axial- and lateral-viewing capsule endoscopy systems in patients with obscure digestive bleeding. Endoscopy. 2014;46(6):479–84.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Friedrich K, Gehrke S, Stremmel W, Sieg A. First clinical trial of a newly developed capsule endoscope with panoramic side view for small bowel: a pilot study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;28(9):1496–501.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Liao Z, Gao R, Li F, Xu C, Zhou Y, Wang JS, et al. Fields of applications, diagnostic yields and findings of OMOM capsule endoscopy in 2400 Chinese patients. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16(21):2669–76.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Li CY, Zhang BL, Chen CX, Li YM. OMOM capsule endoscopy in diagnosis of small bowel disease. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2008;9(11):857–62.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Niv Y. Efficiency of bowel preparation for capsule endoscopy examination: a meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 2008;14(9):1313–7.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Rokkas T, Papaxoinis K, Triantafyllou K, Pistiolas D, Ladas SD. Does purgative preparation influence the diagnostic yield of small bowel video capsule endoscopy? A meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104(1):219–27.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Belsey J, Crosta C, Epstein O, Fischbach W, Layer P, Parente F, et al. Meta-analysis: efficacy of small bowel preparation for small bowel video capsule endoscopy. Curr Med Res Opin. 2012;28(12):1883–90.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Kantianis A, Karagiannis S, Liatsos C, Galanis P, Psilopoulos D, Tenta R, et al. Comparison of two schemes of small bowel preparation for capsule endoscopy with polyethylene glycol: a prospective, randomized single-blind study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;21(10):1140–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Park SC, Keum B, Hyun JJ, Seo YS, Kim YS, Jeen YT, et al. A novel cleansing score system for capsule endoscopy. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16(7):875–80.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Rastogi A, Schoen RE, Slivka A. Diagnostic yield and clinical outcomes of capsule endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004;60(6):959–64.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Pennazio M, Santucci R, Rondonotti E, Abbiati C, Beccari G, Rossini FP, et al. Outcome of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding after capsule endoscopy: report of 100 consecutive cases. Gastroenterology. 2004;126(3):643–53.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Apostolopoulos P, Liatsos C, Gralnek IM, Giannakoulopoulou E, Alexandrakis G, Kalantzis C, et al. The role of wireless capsule endoscopy in investigating unexplained iron deficiency anemia after negative endoscopic evaluation of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopy. 2006;38(11):1127–32.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Estevez E, Gonzalez-Conde B, Vazquez-Iglesias JL, de Los Angeles Vazquez-Millan M, Pertega S, Alonso PA, et al. Diagnostic yield and clinical outcomes after capsule endoscopy in 100 consecutive patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;18(8):881–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Delvaux M, Fassler I, Gay G. Clinical usefulness of the endoscopic video capsule as the initial intestinal investigation in patients with obscure digestive bleeding: validation of a diagnostic strategy based on the patient outcome after 12 months. Endoscopy. 2004;36(12):1067–73.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Viazis N, Papaxoinis K, Theodoropoulos I, Sgouros S, Vlachogiannakos J, Pipis P, et al. Impact of capsule endoscopy in obscure small-bowel bleeding: defining strict diagnostic criteria for a favorable outcome. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005;62(5):717–22.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Neu B, Ell C, May A, Schmid E, Riemann JF, Hagenmuller F, et al. Capsule endoscopy versus standard tests in influencing management of obscure digestive bleeding: results from a German multicenter trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100(8):1736–42.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Carey EJ, Leighton JA, Heigh RI, Shiff AD, Sharma VK, Post JK, et al. A single-center experience of 260 consecutive patients undergoing capsule endoscopy for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102(1):89–95.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Tong J, Svarta S, Ou G, Kwok R, Law J, Enns R. Diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy in the setting of iron deficiency anemia without evidence of gastrointestinal bleeding. Can J Gastroenterol. 2012;26(10):687–90.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Calabrese C, Liguori G, Gionchetti P, Rizzello F, Laureti S, Di Simone MP, et al. Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: single centre experience of capsule endoscopy. Intern Emerg Med. 2013;8(8):681–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Goenka MK, Majumder S, Kumar S, Sethy PK, Goenka U. Single center experience of capsule endoscopy in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. World J Gastroenterol. 2011;17(6):774–8.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. van Turenhout ST, Jacobs MA, van Weyenberg SJ, Herdes E, Stam F, Mulder CJ, et al. Diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy in a tertiary hospital in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2010;19(2):141–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Riccioni ME, Urgesi R, Spada C, Cianci R, Pelecca G, Bizzotto A, et al. Unexplained iron deficiency anaemia: is it worthwhile to perform capsule endoscopy? Dig Liver Dis. 2010;42(8):560–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Muhammad A, Pitchumoni CS. Evaluation of iron deficiency anemia in older adults: the role of wireless capsule endoscopy. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2009;43(7):627–31.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Koulaouzidis A, Yung DE, Lam JH, Smirnidis A, Douglas S, Plevris JN. The use of small-bowel capsule endoscopy in iron-deficiency anemia alone; be aware of the young anemic patient. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2012;47(8–9):1094–100.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Chiba H, Sekiguchi M, Ito T, Tsuji Y, Ohata K, Ohno A, et al. Is it worthwhile to perform capsule endoscopy for asymptomatic patients with positive immunochemical faecal occult blood test? Dig Dis Sci. 2011;56(12):3459–62.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Triester SL, Leighton JA, Leontiadis GI, Fleischer DE, Hara AK, Heigh RI, et al. A meta-analysis of the yield of capsule endoscopy compared to other diagnostic modalities in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100(11):2407–18.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Marmo R, Rotondano G, Piscopo R, Bianco MA, Cipolletta L. Meta-analysis: capsule enteroscopy vs. conventional modalities in diagnosis of small bowel diseases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005;22(7):595–604.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Leighton JA, Triester SL, Sharma VK. Capsule endoscopy: a meta-analysis for use with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and Crohn’s disease. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2006;16(2):229–50.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Wiarda BM, Heine DG, Mensink P, Stolk M, Dees J, Hazenberg HJ, et al. Comparison of magnetic resonance enteroclysis and capsule endoscopy with balloon-assisted enteroscopy in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopy. 2012;44(7):668–73.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Hartmann D, Schmidt H, Bolz G, Schilling D, Kinzel F, Eickhoff A, et al. A prospective two-center study comparing wireless capsule endoscopy with intraoperative enteroscopy in patients with obscure GI bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005;61(7):826–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Chen X, Ran ZH, Tong JL. A meta-analysis of the yield of capsule endoscopy compared to double-balloon enteroscopy in patients with small bowel diseases. World J Gastroenterol. 2007;13(32):4372–8.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Zagorowicz ES, Pietrzak AM, Wronska E, Pachlewski J, Rutkowski P, Kraszewska E, et al. Small bowel tumors detected and missed during capsule endoscopy: single center experience. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19(47):9043–8.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Jones BH, Fleischer DE, Sharma VK, Heigh RI, Shiff AD, Hernandez JL, et al. Yield of repeat wireless video capsule endoscopy in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100(5):1058–64.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Svarta S, Segal B, Law J, Sandhar A, Kwok R, Jacques A, et al. Diagnostic yield of repeat capsule endoscopy and the effect on subsequent patient management. Can J Gastroenterol. 2010;24(7):441–4.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Min BH, Chang DK, Kim BJ, Lee IS, Choi MG. Does back-to-back capsule endoscopy increase the diagnostic yield over a single examination in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding? Gut Liver. 2010;4(1):54–9.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Goldstein JL, Eisen GM, Lewis B, Gralnek IM, Zlotnick S, Fort JG. Video capsule endoscopy to prospectively assess small bowel injury with celecoxib, naproxen plus omeprazole, and placebo. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;3(2):133–41.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Min YW, Kim JS, Jeon SW, Jeen YT, Im JP, Cheung DY, et al. Long-term outcome of capsule endoscopy in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: a nationwide analysis. Endoscopy. 2014;46(1):59–65.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Laine L, Sahota A, Shah A. Does capsule endoscopy improve outcomes in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding? Randomized trial versus dedicated small bowel radiography. Gastroenterology. 2010;138(5):1673–80. e1671; quiz e1611–72.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Saurin JC, Delvaux M, Vahedi K, Gaudin JL, Villarejo J, Florent C, et al. Clinical impact of capsule endoscopy compared to push enteroscopy: 1-year follow-up study. Endoscopy. 2005;37(4):318–23.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Leighton JA, Sharma VK, Hentz JG, Musil D, Malikowski MJ, McWane TL, et al. Capsule endoscopy versus push enteroscopy for evaluation of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding with 1-year outcomes. Dig Dis Sci. 2006;51(5):891–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Riccioni ME, Urgesi R, Cianci R, Rizzo G, D'Angelo L, Marmo R, et al. Negative capsule endoscopy in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding reliable: recurrence of bleeding on long-term follow-up. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19(28):4520–5.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Iwamoto J, Mizokami Y, Shimokobe K, Yara S, Murakami M, Kido K, et al. The clinical outcome of capsule endoscopy in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Hepato-Gastroenterology. 2011;58(106):301–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Lorenceau-Savale C, Ben-Soussan E, Ramirez S, Antonietti M, Lerebours E, Ducrotte P. Outcome of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding after negative capsule endoscopy: results of a one-year follow-up study. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2010;34(11):606–11.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Macdonald J, Porter V, McNamara D. Negative capsule endoscopy in patients with obscure GI bleeding predicts low rebleeding rates. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008;68(6):1122–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Koh SJ, Im JP, Kim JW, Kim BG, Lee KL, Kim SG, et al. Long-term outcome in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding after negative capsule endoscopy. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19(10):1632–8.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Kim JB, Ye BD, Song Y, Yang DH, Jung KW, Kim KJ, et al. Frequency of rebleeding events in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding with negative capsule endoscopy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;28(5):834–40.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Park JJ, Cheon JH, Kim HM, Park HS, Moon CM, Lee JH, et al. Negative capsule endoscopy without subsequent enteroscopy does not predict lower long-term rebleeding rates in patients with obscure GI bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71(6):990–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Holleran GE, Barry SA, Thornton OJ, Dobson MJ, McNamara DA. The use of small bowel capsule endoscopy in iron deficiency anaemia: Low impact on outcome in the medium term despite high diagnostic yield. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;25(3):327–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Sheibani S, Levesque BG, Friedland S, Roost J, Gerson LB. Long-term impact of capsule endoscopy in patients referred for iron-deficiency anemia. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55(3):703–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Leung WK, Ho SS, Suen BY, Lai LH, Yu S, Ng EK, et al. Capsule endoscopy or angiography in patients with acute overt obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: a prospective randomized study with long-term follow-up. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107(9):1370–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Leighton JA, Gralnek IM, Cohen SA, Toth E, Cave DR, Wolf DC, et al. Capsule endoscopy is superior to small-bowel follow-through and equivalent to ileocolonoscopy in suspected Crohn’s disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;12(4):609–15.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Doherty GA, Moss AC, Cheifetz AS. Capsule endoscopy for small-bowel evaluation in Crohn’s disease. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011;74(1):167–75.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Lewis BS, Eisen GM, Friedman S. A pooled analysis to evaluate results of capsule endoscopy trials. Endoscopy. 2005;37(10):960–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Dionisio PM, Gurudu SR, Leighton JA, Leontiadis GI, Fleischer DE, Hara AK, et al. Capsule endoscopy has a significantly higher diagnostic yield in patients with suspected and established small-bowel Crohn’s disease: a meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(6):1240–8. quiz 1249.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Jensen MD, Nathan T, Rafaelsen SR, Kjeldsen J. Diagnostic accuracy of capsule endoscopy for small bowel Crohn’s disease is superior to that of MR enterography or ct enterography. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;9(2):124–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Maiden L, Thjodleifsson B, Seigal A, Bjarnason II, Scott D, Birgisson S, et al. Long-term effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase-2 selective agents on the small bowel: a cross-sectional capsule enteroscopy study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;5(9):1040–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Legnani P, Abreu MT. Use of capsule endoscopy for established Crohn’s disease. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2006;16(2):299–306.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Dubcenco E, Jeejeebhoy KN, Petroniene R, Tang SJ, Zalev AH, Gardiner GW, et al. Capsule endoscopy findings in patients with established and suspected small-bowel Crohn’s disease: correlation with radiologic, endoscopic, and histologic findings. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005;62(4):538–44.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Flamant M, Trang C, Maillard O, Sacher-Huvelin S, Le Rhun M, Galmiche JP, et al. The prevalence and outcome of jejunal lesions visualized by small bowel capsule endoscopy in Crohn’s disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013;19(7):1390–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Dussault C, Gower-Rousseau C, Salleron J, Vernier-Massouille G, Branche J, Colombel JF, et al. Small bowel capsule endoscopy for management of Crohn’s disease: a retrospective tertiary care centre experience. Dig Liver Dis. 2013;45(7):558–61.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Calabrese C, Gionchetti P, Rizzello F, Liguori G, Gabusi V, Tambasco R, et al. Short-term treatment with infliximab in chronic refractory pouchitis and ileitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;27(9):759–64.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Efthymiou A, Viazis N, Mantzaris G, Papadimitriou N, Tzourmakliotis D, Raptis S, et al. Does clinical response correlate with mucosal healing in patients with Crohn’s disease of the small bowel? A prospective, case-series study using wireless capsule endoscopy. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2008;14(11):1542–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Pons Beltran V, Nos P, Bastida G, Beltran B, Arguello L, Aguas M, et al. Evaluation of postsurgical recurrence in Crohn’s disease: a new indication for capsule endoscopy? Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;66(3):533–40.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Bourreille A, Jarry M, D'Halluin PN, Ben-Soussan E, Maunoury V, Bulois P, et al. Wireless capsule endoscopy versus ileocolonoscopy for the diagnosis of postoperative recurrence of Crohn’s disease: a prospective study. Gut. 2006;55(7):978–83.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. de Melo Jr SW, Di Palma JA. The role of capsule endoscopy in evaluating inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Clin N Am. 2012;41(2):315–23.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Mehdizadeh S, Chen GC, Barkodar L, Enayati PJ, Pirouz S, Yadegari M, et al. Capsule endoscopy in patients with Crohn’s disease: diagnostic yield and safety. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71(1):121–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Maunoury V, Savoye G, Bourreille A, Bouhnik Y, Jarry M, Sacher-Huvelin S, et al. Value of wireless capsule endoscopy in patients with indeterminate colitis (inflammatory bowel disease type unclassified). Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2007;13(2):152–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Lopes S, Figueiredo P, Portela F, Freire P, Almeida N, Lerias C, et al. Capsule endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease type unclassified and indeterminate colitis serologically negative. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2010;16(10):1663–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Katsinelos P, Tziomalos K, Fasoulas K, Paroutoglou G, Koufokotsios A, Mimidis K, et al. Can capsule endoscopy be used as a diagnostic tool in the evaluation of nonbleeding indications in daily clinical practice? A prospective study. Med Princ Pract. 2011;20(4):362–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Kurien M, Evans KE, Aziz I, Sidhu R, Drew K, Rogers TL, et al. Capsule endoscopy in adult celiac disease: a potential role in equivocal cases of celiac disease? Gastrointest Endosc. 2013;77(2):227–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Rokkas T, Niv Y. The role of video capsule endoscopy in the diagnosis of celiac disease: a meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;24(3):303–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Urgesi R, Riccioni ME, Bizzotto A, Cianci R, Spada C, Pelecca G, et al. Increased diagnostic yield of small bowel tumors with pillcam: the role of capsule endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (gists). Italian single-center experience. Tumori. 2012;98(3):357–63.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Cheung DY, Lee IS, Chang DK, Kim JO, Cheon JH, Jang BI, et al. Capsule endoscopy in small bowel tumors: a multicenter Korean study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;25(6):1079–86.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Trifan A, Singeap AM, Cojocariu C, Sfarti C, Stanciu C. Small bowel tumors in patients undergoing capsule endoscopy: a single center experience. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2010;19(1):21–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Akamatsu T, Kaneko Y, Ota H, Miyabayashi H, Arakura N, Tanaka E. Usefulness of double balloon enteroscopy and video capsule endoscopy for the diagnosis and management of primary follicular lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract in its early stages. Dig Endosc. 2010;22(1):33–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Shyung LR, Lin SC, Shih SC, Chang WH, Chu CH, Wang TE. Proposed scoring system to determine small bowel mass lesions using capsule endoscopy. J Formos Med Assoc. 2009;108(7):533–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Gal E, Geller A, Fraser G, Levi Z, Niv Y. Assessment and validation of the new capsule endoscopy Crohn’s disease activity index (CECDAI). Dig Dis Sci. 2008;53(7):1933–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Niv Y, Ilani S, Levi Z, Hershkowitz M, Niv E, Fireman Z, et al. Validation of the capsule endoscopy Crohn’s disease activity index (CECDAI or Niv score): a multicenter prospective study. Endoscopy. 2012;44(1):21–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Rosa B, Moreira MJ, Rebelo A, Cotter J. Lewis score: a useful clinical tool for patients with suspected Crohn’s disease submitted to capsule endoscopy. J Crohns Colitis. 2012;6(6):692–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Langhorst J, Elsenbruch S, Koelzer J, Rueffer A, Michalsen A, Dobos GJ. Noninvasive markers in the assessment of intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases: performance of fecal lactoferrin, calprotectin, and pmn-elastase, crp, and clinical indices. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103(1):162–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Koulaouzidis A, Douglas S, Plevris JN. Lewis score correlates more closely with fecal calprotectin than capsule endoscopy Crohn’s disease activity index. Dig Dis Sci. 2012;57(4):987–93.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Yang L, Ge ZZ, Gao YJ, Li XB, Dai J, Zhang Y, et al. Assessment of capsule endoscopy scoring index, clinical disease activity, and c-reactive protein in small bowel Crohn’s disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;28(5):829–33.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Ross A, Mehdizadeh S, Tokar J, Leighton JA, Kamal A, Chen A, et al. Double balloon enteroscopy detects small bowel mass lesions missed by capsule endoscopy. Dig Dis Sci. 2008;53(8):2140–3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Pasha SF, Leighton JA, Das A, Harrison ME, Decker GA, Fleischer DE, et al. Double-balloon enteroscopy and capsule endoscopy have comparable diagnostic yield in small-bowel disease: a meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;6(6):671–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Zhang Q, He Q, Liu J, Ma F, Zhi F, Bai Y. Combined use of capsule endoscopy and double-balloon enteroscopy in the diagnosis of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: meta-analysis and pooled analysis. Hepato-Gastroenterology. 2013;60(128):1885–91.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Teshima CW, Kuipers EJ, van Zanten SV, Mensink PB. Double balloon enteroscopy and capsule endoscopy for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: an updated meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;26(5):796–801.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Douard R, Wind P, Berger A, Maniere T, Landi B, Cellier C, et al. Role of intraoperative enteroscopy in the management of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding at the time of video-capsule endoscopy. Am J Surg. 2009;198(1):6–11.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Rondonotti E, Herrerias JM, Pennazio M, Caunedo A, Mascarenhas-Saraiva M, de Franchis R. Complications, limitations, and failures of capsule endoscopy: a review of 733 cases. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005;62(5):712–6. quiz 752, 754.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Li F, Gurudu SR, De Petris G, Sharma VK, Shiff AD, Heigh RI, et al. Retention of the capsule endoscope: a single-center experience of 1000 capsule endoscopy procedures. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008;68(1):174–80.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Sidhu R, Sanders DS, Morris AJ, McAlindon ME. Guidelines on small bowel enteroscopy and capsule endoscopy in adults. Gut. 2008;57(1):125–36.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Tang SJ, Zanati S, Dubcenco E, Christodoulou D, Cirocco M, Kandel G, et al. Capsule endoscopy regional transit abnormality: a sign of underlying small bowel pathology. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003;58(4):598–602.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Tang SJ, Zanati S, Dubcenco E, Monkewich G, Arya N, Cirocco M, et al. Capsule endoscopy regional transit abnormality revisited. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004;60(6):1029–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Sears DM, Avots-Avotins A, Culp K, Gavin MW. Frequency and clinical outcome of capsule retention during capsule endoscopy for GI bleeding of obscure origin. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004;60(5):822–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Cave D, Legnani P, de Franchis R, Lewis BS. ICCE consensus for capsule retention. Endoscopy. 2005;37(10):1065–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Liao Z, Gao R, Xu C, Li ZS. Indications and detection, completion, and retention rates of small-bowel capsule endoscopy: a systematic review. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71(2):280–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Delvaux M, Ben Soussan E, Laurent V, Lerebours E, Gay G. Clinical evaluation of the use of the m2a patency capsule system before a capsule endoscopy procedure, in patients with known or suspected intestinal stenosis. Endoscopy. 2005;37(9):801–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Buchman AL, Miller FH, Wallin A, Chowdhry AA, Ahn C. Videocapsule endoscopy versus barium contrast studies for the diagnosis of Crohn’s disease recurrence involving the small intestine. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99(11):2171–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Yu WK, Yang RD. M2A video capsule lodged in the Meckel’s diverticulum. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;63(7):1071–2. discussion 1072.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Baichi MM, Arifuddin RM, Mantry PS. What we have learned from 5 cases of permanent capsule retention. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;64(2):283–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Matta A, Koppala J, Reddymasu SC, Lanspa S. Acute appendicitis: a potential complication of video capsule endoscopy. BMJ Case Rep. 2014. doi:10.1136/bcr-2014-204240.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Lin OS, Brandabur JJ, Schembre DB, Soon MS, Kozarek RA. Acute symptomatic small bowel obstruction due to capsule impaction. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;65(4):725–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Um S, Poblete H, Zavotsky J. Small bowel perforation caused by an impacted endocapsule. Endoscopy. 2008;40 Suppl 2:E122–3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Spada C, Spera G, Riccioni M, Biancone L, Petruzziello L, Tringali A, et al. A novel diagnostic tool for detecting functional patency of the small bowel: the given patency capsule. Endoscopy. 2005;37(9):793–800.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Herrerias JM, Leighton JA, Costamagna G, Infantolino A, Eliakim R, Fischer D, et al. Agile patency system eliminates risk of capsule retention in patients with known intestinal strictures who undergo capsule endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008;67(6):902–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Boivin ML, Lochs H, Voderholzer WA. Does passage of a patency capsule indicate small-bowel patency? A prospective clinical trial? Endoscopy. 2005;37(9):808–15.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Yadav A, Heigh RI, Hara AK, Decker GA, Crowell MD, Gurudu SR, et al. Performance of the patency capsule compared with nonenteroclysis radiologic examinations in patients with known or suspected intestinal strictures. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011;74(4):834–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Zhang W, Han Z, Cheng Y, Xu Y, Xiao K, Li A, et al. The value of the patency capsule in pre-evaluation for capsule endoscopy in cases of intestinal obstruction: a meta-analysis. J Dig Dis. 2014;15(7):345–51.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Gay G, Delvaux M, Laurent V, Reibel N, Regent D, Grosdidier G, et al. Temporary intestinal occlusion induced by a “patency capsule” in a patient with Crohn’s disease. Endoscopy. 2005;37(2):174–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Payeras G, Piqueras J, Moreno VJ, Cabrera A, Menendez D, Jimenez R. Effects of capsule endoscopy on cardiac pacemakers. Endoscopy. 2005;37(12):1181–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Harris LA, Hansel SL, Rajan E, Srivathsan K, Rea R, Crowell MD, et al. Capsule endoscopy in patients with implantable electromedical devices is safe. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2013;2013:959234.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Leighton JA, Srivathsan K, Carey EJ, Sharma VK, Heigh RI, Post JK, et al. Safety of wireless capsule endoscopy in patients with implantable cardiac defibrillators. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100(8):1728–31.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Leighton JA, Sharma VK, Srivathsan K, Heigh RI, McWane TL, Post JK, et al. Safety of capsule endoscopy in patients with pacemakers. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004;59(4):567–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Bandorski D, Lotterer E, Hartmann D, Jakobs R, Bruck M, Hoeltgen R, et al. Capsule endoscopy in patients with cardiac pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators—a retrospective multicenter investigation. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2011;20(1):33–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Lin OS. Breaching the final frontier: the future of small-intestinal capsule endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008;68(3):495–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Liao Z, Xu C, Li ZS. Completion rate and diagnostic yield of small-bowel capsule endoscopy: 1 vs. 2 frames per second. Endoscopy. 2010;42(5):360–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Liao Z, Li ZS, Xu C. Reduction of capture rate in the stomach increases the complete examination rate of capsule endoscopy: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;69(3 Pt 1):418–25.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Gralnek IM, Ching JY, Maza I, Wu JC, Rainer TH, Israelit S, et al. Capsule endoscopy in acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a prospective cohort study. Endoscopy. 2013;45(1):12–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Meltzer AC, Pinchbeck C, Burnett S, Buhumaid R, Shah P, Ding R, et al. Emergency physicians accurately interpret video capsule endoscopy findings in suspected upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a video survey. Acad Emerg Med. 2013;20(7):711–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Meltzer AC, Ali MA, Kresiberg RB, Patel G, Smith JP, Pines JM, et al. Video capsule endoscopy in the emergency department: a prospective study of acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Ann Emerg Med. 2013;61(4):438–43. e431.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Rubin M, Hussain SA, Shalomov A, Cortes RA, Smith MS, Kim SH. Live view video capsule endoscopy enables risk stratification of patients with acute upper GI bleeding in the emergency room: a pilot study. Dig Dis Sci. 2011;56(3):786–91.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. Leighton JA, Gralnek IM, Richner RE, Lacey MJ, Papatheofanis FJ. Capsule endoscopy in suspected small bowel Crohn’s disease: economic impact of disease diagnosis and treatment. World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15(45):5685–92.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. Korean Gut Image Study Group, Lim YJ, Joo YS, Jung DY, Ye BD, Kim JH, et al. Learning curve of capsule endoscopy. Clin Endosc. 2013;46(6):633–6.

    PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Digestive Diseases Institute, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA

    Otto S. Lin M.D., M.Sc.

Authors
  1. Otto S. Lin M.D., M.Sc.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Otto S. Lin M.D., M.Sc. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Virginia Mason Medical Center, Digestive Disease Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA

    Richard Kozarek

  2. and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Division of Gastroenterology, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA

    Jonathan A. Leighton

Electronic Supplementary Materials

Video 6.1

Brief video comparing resolution differences between Pillcam SB1, SB2, and SB3 capsules visualizing normal small intestinal mucosa (WMV 2,866 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lin, O.S. (2015). Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy. In: Kozarek, R., Leighton, J. (eds) Endoscopy in Small Bowel Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14415-3_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14415-3_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-14414-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-14415-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation