Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) constitute a family of receptors involved in immune and inflammatory processes, which recognise molecules derived from infectious agents (bacteria, viruses) and endogenous substances. They are studied in this chapter together with interleukin 1 (IL1) and its receptors (IL1R) and with related interleukins such as IL18 and IL33, with which they share a general activation mechanism. The activation of these receptors leads, after several steps involving cytoplasmic kinases, to the activation of transcription factors of the NFκB (nuclear factor κB) family, which activate the inflammatory response. NFκB can be activated in response to other signalling pathways, especially AKT in the PI3 kinase pathway (Chap. 3) or tumour necrosis factor (TNF). The signals generated by TLR/IL1R activation induce cell survival and proliferation: this is why the corresponding pathways can be diverted by oncogenesis processes.
The immune system contains two types of receptors able to recognise bacterial and viral components, called pattern-recognition receptors (PRR): membrane toll-like receptors and intracellular receptors called NLR (NOD-like receptors, NOD meaning nucleotide binding and oligomerisation domain). Activation of NLR activates in turn IL1 family interleukins, which, once secreted, induce an inflammatory response when recognised by cells equipped with their cognate receptors.
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Robert, J. (2015). Toll-Like Receptors, Interleukin 1 and NFκB. In: Textbook of Cell Signalling in Cancer. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14340-8_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14340-8_12
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