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Impact of Climate Changes on Marine Environments pp 91–113Cite as

The Adaptations of the Foraminifera and Ostracoda to Fresh Water Colonisation

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Part of the book series: GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences ((GEPS))

Abstract

In marine environments Ostracoda and Foraminifera have been very successful invaders. During the Phanerozoic they colonised the majority of shallow, marginal to deep water, fully marine habitats. Both groups had developed physiological adaptations which pre-adapted them to the invasion of new marine habitats. They adopted a broad range of feeding strategies and reproduction modes. The production of resting stages and brood care may also have contributed to them being efficient invaders. They are also both highly tolerant to variations in salinity. The first invasions of non-marine habitats by ostracods appear to have taken place at the turn of the Devonian and Carboniferous. It is estimated that there had been between 9 and 12 independent invasions of fresh waters by the ostracods. In contrast Foraminifera are typically marine organisms, and only a few species of agglutinated and organic-walled Foraminifera are to be found in brackish and freshwater environments. Agglutinated species build their test using ambient components but are not commonly regarded as calcifying organisms. An impact of salinity on foraminiferal calcification has been observed in several studies. It seems that Foraminifera are incapable of constructing a fully calcified test in low salinity regimes; they use sea water not only as a source of ions to construct shell, but also as a biomineralisation solution. Thus, the success of ostracods in invading freshwater habitats can be attributed to their development of a more effective mechanism of calcification in low mineralisation waters. The core question of this study is to examine possible causes for the differences in success between the two taxa.

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Acknowledgments

We are very grateful to Prof. Jan Marcin Węsławski, Prof. Marek Zajączkowski (Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot) and Prof. Geoffrey Boxshall (Natural History Museum, London) for their constructive and helpful comments on the manuscript.

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  1. Institute of Oceanology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712, Sopot, Poland

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  2. Joanna Pawłowska
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Correspondence to Anna Iglikowska .

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  1. Air-Sea Interactions, Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland

    Tymon Zielinski

  2. Marine ecology, Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland

    Marcin Weslawski

  3. Marine Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland

    Karol Kuliński

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Iglikowska, A., Pawłowska, J. (2015). The Adaptations of the Foraminifera and Ostracoda to Fresh Water Colonisation. In: Zielinski, T., Weslawski, M., Kuliński, K. (eds) Impact of Climate Changes on Marine Environments. GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14283-8_8

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