Abstract
The hydrogen bonds involving sulfur (sulfur center hydrogen bonds; SCHBs) are generally regarded as weak H-bonds in comparison with the conventional N–H· · · O, O–H· · · O, N–H· · · N and O–H· · · N H-bonds. One of the reasons being considered for this is the smaller electronegativity of S than O or N. However, recent high resolution laser spectroscopy in combination with quantum chemical calculations reveals that SCHBs can be as strong as conventional H-bonds. Surprisingly, in the case of methionine containing dipeptides the amide-N–H· · · S H-bonds are even stronger than amide-N–H· · · O = C H-bonds. Sulfur is not only a potential H-bond acceptor, but the S–H group is also a very good H-bond donor and capable of forming a variety of H-bonds. For example, the S–H· · · π H-bond between H2S and indole/benzene is found to be the strongest H-bond among O–H· · · π, O–H· · · π, and C–H· · · π H-bonds. In general the SCHBs are dispersive in nature. This chapter details about few SCHB systems, many more systems need to be studied extensively and carefully to unravel many facts and facets about SCHBs. The major challenge for the experimentalists is to accurately determine the intra- and intermolecular H-bond energies and for the theoreticians to propose a universal H-bond descriptor.
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Acknowledgment
I am very much thankful to Prof. Sanjay Wategaonkar and Dr. Michel Mons, who introduced me to the exciting field of laser spectroscopy. My special thanks to Dr. Rudresh Acharya for stimulating discussions and for his help in rendering figures for SCHBs in protein structures. I am also grateful to my coworkers, students and authors of the cited references who have contributed to this work in many ways. This work is financially supported by DST-Inspire faculty fellowship, Department of Science and Technology (DST, Govt. of India) and National Institute of Science Education and Research, (Department of Atomic Energy, DAE, Govt. of India).
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Biswal, H. (2015). Hydrogen Bonds Involving Sulfur: New Insights from ab Initio Calculations and Gas Phase Laser Spectroscopy. In: Scheiner, S. (eds) Noncovalent Forces. Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics, vol 19. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14163-3_2
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