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Illite–Smectite Mixed-Layer Minerals in the Alteration Volcanic Ashes Under Submarine Environment

  • Conference paper
Proceedings of the 11th International Congress for Applied Mineralogy (ICAM)

Part of the book series: Springer Geochemistry/Mineralogy ((SPRINGERGEOCHEM))

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Abstract

The clay mineralogy of the clay intervals interbedded with siliceous mudstones across the Permian–Triassic boundary (PTB) in Pengda, Guiyang, Guizhou province, was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The clay mineral assemblages of the sediments are mainly I/S clays and minor smectite, kaolinite, and illite as revealed by XRD analyses. The peak-shaped parameters BB1 and BB2 of I/S clays of the representative clay bed PL-01 are 4.7° and 4.4°, respectively, and the peak position of the low-angle diffraction is at 6.5° 2θ (13.6 Ǻ), suggesting that the I/S clays have a IS type of ordering. However, multi-order diffractions and their intensities are different from those of completely ordered 1:1 mixed-layer I/S clay rectorite, indicating that I/S clays of the Pengda section have partially ordered IS structures. HRTEM observations show that most of the I/S clays exhibit a IS stacking ordering. However, in some areas within a IS particle, smectite layer is observed in doublets, triplets, and quartets, which are interstratified by various amounts of illite layers, suggesting the presence of other irregular stacking in addition to the major 1:1 IS-ordered stacking. Transformation of smectite layer into illite layers is also observed in the I/S clays, suggesting that the Pengda I/S clays are derived from smectite illitization, in good agreement with the clay mineral assemblage. The I/S clays of the Pengda section contain up to 45–95 % smectite layer, the notably higher contents of smectite layer relative to those of other PTB stratigraphic sets in south China can be attributed to the difference in alteration and smectite illitization processes due to different sedimentary environments.

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Acknowledgment

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (41272053 and 41072030) and the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20110145110001). The authors wish to thank Jiang H. S. for sample preparations, Dr. Liu X. W. for HRTEM observations, and Dr. Yu J. S. for XRD analyses, and especially Prof. Dong F. Q. and Zhao X. Q., the Guest Editors, and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful reviews, valuable comments, and suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, People’s Republic of China

    Hanlie Hong, Wenpeng Gao, Ke Yin, Zhaohui Li & Chaowen Wang

  2. Geosciences Department, University of Wisconsin—Parkside, Kenosha, WI, 53141-2000, USA

    Zhaohui Li

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  1. Hanlie Hong
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  2. Wenpeng Gao
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Correspondence to Hanlie Hong .

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  1. Southwest University of Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and the Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Mianyang City, Sichuan, China

    Faqin Dong

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Hong, H., Gao, W., Yin, K., Li, Z., Wang, C. (2015). Illite–Smectite Mixed-Layer Minerals in the Alteration Volcanic Ashes Under Submarine Environment. In: Dong, F. (eds) Proceedings of the 11th International Congress for Applied Mineralogy (ICAM). Springer Geochemistry/Mineralogy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13948-7_15

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