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Toxicity and Autophagy in Neurodegenerative Disorders pp 159–170Cite as

Paraquat: Molecular Mechanisms of Neurotoxicity and its Relation with Autophagy

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Part of the book series: Current Topics in Neurotoxicity ((Current Topics Neurotoxicity,volume 9))

Abstract

Paraquat (1,1´-dimethyl-4,4´-bipyridilium dichloride; PQ) is an effective and widely used herbicide in Asiatic and American countries awith a claimed safety record when appropriately applied to eliminate weeds. However, over the last decades a growing body of epidemiologic evidence has been linking long-term/low-dose PQ exposure to the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD). PQ is well known for its ability to induce oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, α-synuclein fibrillation and neuronal cell loss. More recently, more attention has been given to the role of autophagy in several major neurodegenerative diseases and the influence of environmental toxins in this pathway. This chapter provides an overview of the main mechanisms of neurotoxicity of PQ with an emphasis in the autophagic process and its possible relationship to PD.

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Abbreviations

AP-1:

Activatorprotein 1

MPP+ :

1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor kappa B

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

PQ:

Paraquat

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SN:

Substantia nigra

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal

    Maria Teresa Baltazar, Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira, Maria de Lourdes Bastos & Félix Carvalho

  2. Department of Sciences, IINFACTS—Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Advanced Institute of Health Sciences—North (ISCS-N), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal

    Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira

  3. Department of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal

    Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira

Authors
  1. Maria Teresa Baltazar
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  2. Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
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  3. Maria de Lourdes Bastos
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  4. Félix Carvalho
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Correspondence to Maria Teresa Baltazar .

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  1. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Gen., Facultad de Enfermería y T.O., Cáceres, Spain

    José M. Fuentes

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Baltazar, M., Dinis-Oliveira, R., Bastos, M., Carvalho, F. (2015). Paraquat: Molecular Mechanisms of Neurotoxicity and its Relation with Autophagy. In: Fuentes, J. (eds) Toxicity and Autophagy in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Current Topics in Neurotoxicity, vol 9. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13939-5_9

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