Skip to main content

Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Extreme Hepatic Surgery and Other Strategies

Abstract

Intra-arterial chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastases (CLM) has been extensively studied over the last 30 years. In both patients with resectable and unresectable liver metastases, hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy with floxuridine has been shown to be an effective and safe method of treating patients with CLM. As an adjuvant therapy, HAI is associated with markedly improved hepatic progression-free survival and improved overall survival. In the unresectable setting, HAI is associated with high response rates and rates of conversion to complete resection. With careful observation and management to minimize the toxicity of this treatment, HAI chemotherapy via the hepatic artery should be considered as an adjuvant therapy in patients undergoing definitive surgical resection of CLM, as well as those being treated with modern systemic chemotherapy for unresectable disease.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Stewart BW, Wild C. International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization. World Cancer Report; 2014. 630 p.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Fong Y, Fortner J, Sun RL, Brennan MF, Blumgart LH. Clinical score for predicting recurrence after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer: analysis of 1001 consecutive cases. Ann Surg. 1999;230(3):309–18. discussion 18–21. Epub 1999/09/24

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Rees M, Tekkis PP, Welsh FK, O’Rourke T, John TG. Evaluation of long-term survival after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer: a multifactorial model of 929 patients. Ann Surg. 2008;247(1):125–35. Epub 2007/12/25

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Choti MA, Sitzmann JV, Tiburi MF, Sumetchotimetha W, Rangsin R, Schulick RD, et al. Trends in long-term survival following liver resection for hepatic colorectal metastases. Ann Surg. 2002;235(6):759–66. Epub 2002/05/30

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. House MG, Kemeny NE, Gonen M, Fong Y, Allen PJ, Paty PB, et al. Comparison of adjuvant systemic chemotherapy with or without hepatic arterial infusional chemotherapy after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Surg. 2011;254(6):851–6. Epub 2011/10/07

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Smith JJ, D’Angelica MI. Surgical management of hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2015;29(1):61–84. Epub 2014/12/06

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Butte JM, Gonen M, Allen PJ, Peter Kingham T, Sofocleous CT, DeMatteo RP, et al. Recurrence after partial hepatectomy for metastatic colorectal cancer: potentially curative role of salvage repeat resection. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015;22:2761–71. Epub 2015/01/13

    Google Scholar 

  8. Garden OJ, Rees M, Poston GJ, Mirza D, Saunders M, Ledermann J, et al. Guidelines for resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases. Gut. 2006;55(Suppl 3):iii1–8. Epub 2006/07/13

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Saltz LB, Cox JV, Blanke C, Rosen LS, Fehrenbacher L, Moore MJ, et al. Irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. Irinotecan Study Group. N Engl J Med. 2000;343(13):905–14. Epub 2000/09/28

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Gallagher DJ, Kemeny N. Metastatic colorectal cancer: from improved survival to potential cure. Oncology. 2010;78(3–4):237–48. Epub 2010/06/05

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Heinemann V, von Weikersthal LF, Decker T, Kiani A, Vehling-Kaiser U, Al-Batran SE, et al. FOLFIRI plus cetuximab versus FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (FIRE-3): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15(10):1065–75. Epub 2014/08/05

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Saltz L, Badarinath S, Dakhil S, Bienvenu B, Harker WG, Birchfield G, et al. Phase III trial of cetuximab, bevacizumab, and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin vs. FOLFOX-bevacizumab in colorectal cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer. 2012;11(2):101–11. Epub 2011/11/08

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Folprecht G, Gruenberger T, Bechstein WO, Raab HR, Lordick F, Hartmann JT, et al. Tumour response and secondary resectability of colorectal liver metastases following neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cetuximab: the CELIM randomised phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11(1):38–47. Epub 2009/11/28

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Nordlinger B, Van Cutsem E, Rougier P, Kohne CH, Ychou M, Sobrero A, et al. Does chemotherapy prior to liver resection increase the potential for cure in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer? A report from the European Colorectal Metastases Treatment Group. Eur J Cancer. 2007;43(14):2037–45. Epub 2007/09/04

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Peeters M, Price TJ, Cervantes A, Sobrero AF, Ducreux M, Hotko Y, et al. Final results from a randomized phase 3 study of FOLFIRI {+/−} panitumumab for second-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol. 2014;25(1):107–16. Epub 2013/12/21

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Tabernero J, Yoshino T, Cohn AL, Obermannova R, Bodoky G, Garcia-Carbonero R, et al. Ramucirumab versus placebo in combination with second-line FOLFIRI in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma that progressed during or after first-line therapy with bevacizumab, oxaliplatin, and a fluoropyrimidine (RAISE): a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16(5):499–508. Epub 2015/04/17

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Breedis C, Young G. The blood supply of neoplasms in the liver. Am J Pathol. 1954;30(5):969–77. Epub 1954/09/01

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Sigurdson ER, Ridge JA, Kemeny N, Daly JM. Tumor and liver drug uptake following hepatic artery and portal vein infusion. J Clin Oncol. 1987;5(11):1836–40. Epub 1987/11/01

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Ensminger WD, Gyves JW. Clinical pharmacology of hepatic arterial chemotherapy. Semin Oncol. 1983;10(2):176–82. Epub 1983/06/01

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Cardona K, Donataccio D, Kingham TP, Allen PJ, DeMatteo RP, Fong Y, et al. Treatment of extensive metastatic colorectal cancer to the liver with systemic and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy and two-stage hepatic resection: the role of salvage therapy for recurrent disease. Ann Surg Oncol. 2014;21(3):815–21. Epub 2013/11/19

    Google Scholar 

  21. Muratore A, Polastri R, Bouzari H, Vergara V, Ferrero A, Capussotti L. Repeat hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases: a worthwhile operation? J Surg Oncol. 2001;76(2):127–32. Epub 2001/02/27

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Topal B, Kaufman L, Aerts R, Penninckx F. Patterns of failure following curative resection of colorectal liver metastases. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2003;29(3):248–53. Epub 2003/03/27

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Vigano L, Capussotti L, Lapointe R, Barroso E, Hubert C, Giuliante F, et al. Early recurrence after liver resection for colorectal metastases: risk factors, prognosis, and treatment. A LiverMetSurvey-based study of 6,025 patients. Ann Surg Oncol. 2014;21(4):1276–86. Epub 2013/12/19

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Kerr DJ, McArdle CS, Ledermann J, Taylor I, Sherlock DJ, Schlag PM, et al. Intrahepatic arterial versus intravenous fluorouracil and folinic acid for colorectal cancer liver metastases: a multicentre randomised trial. Lancet. 2003;361(9355):368–73. Epub 2003/02/08

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Nishiofuku H, Tanaka T, Aramaki T, Boku N, Inaba Y, Sato Y, et al. Hepatic arterial infusion of 5-fluorouracil for patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer refractory to standard systemic chemotherapy: a multicenter, retrospective analysis. Clin Colorectal Cancer. 2010;9(5):305–10. Epub 2011/01/07

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Stagg RJ, Venook AP, Chase JL, Lewis BJ, Warren RS, Roh M, et al. Alternating hepatic intra-arterial floxuridine and fluorouracil: a less toxic regimen for treatment of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1991;83(6):423–8. Epub 1991/03/20

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Ammori JB, D’Angelica MI, Fong Y, Cercek A, Dematteo RP, Allen PJ, et al. Hepatic artery infusional chemotherapy in patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases and extrahepatic disease. J Surg Oncol. 2012;106(8):953–8. Epub 2012/07/04

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Grobmyer SR, Fong Y, D’Angelica M, Dematteo RP, Blumgart LH, Jarnagin WR. Diagnostic laparoscopy prior to planned hepatic resection for colorectal metastases. Arch Surg. 2004;139(12):1326–30. Epub 2004/12/22

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. De Cecco CN, Ferrari R, Rengo M, Paolantonio P, Vecchietti F, Laghi A. Anatomic variations of the hepatic arteries in 250 patients studied with 64-row CT angiography. Eur Radiol. 2009;19(11):2765–70. Epub 2009/05/28

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Curley SA, Roh MS, Chase JL, Hohn DC. Adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy after curative resection of colorectal liver metastases. Am J Surg. 1993;166(6):743–6. discussion 6–8. Epub 1993/12/01

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Allen PJ, Stojadinovic A, Ben-Porat L, Gonen M, Kooby D, Blumgart L, et al. The management of variant arterial anatomy during hepatic arterial infusion pump placement. Ann Surg Oncol. 2002;9(9):875–80. Epub 2002/11/06

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Perez DR, Kemeny NE, Brown KT, Gewirtz AN, Paty PB, Jarnagin WR, et al. Angiographic identification of extrahepatic perfusion after hepatic arterial pump placement: implications for surgical prevention. HPB (Oxford). 2014;16(8):744–8. Epub 2013/12/19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Allen PJ, Nissan A, Picon AI, Kemeny N, Dudrick P, Ben-Porat L, et al. Technical complications and durability of hepatic artery infusion pumps for unresectable colorectal liver metastases: an institutional experience of 544 consecutive cases. J Am Coll Surg. 2005;201(1):57–65. Epub 2005/06/28

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Campbell KA, Burns RC, Sitzmann JV, Lipsett PA, Grochow LB, Niederhuber JE. Regional chemotherapy devices: effect of experience and anatomy on complications. J Clin Oncol. 1993;11(5):822–6. Epub 1993/05/01

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Goere D, Benhaim L, Bonnet S, Malka D, Faron M, Elias D, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy after resection of colorectal liver metastases in patients at high risk of hepatic recurrence: a comparative study between hepatic arterial infusion of oxaliplatin and modern systemic chemotherapy. Ann Surg. 2013;257(1):114–20. Epub 2012/12/14

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Arru M, Aldrighetti L, Gremmo F, Ronzoni M, Angeli E, Caterini R, et al. Arterial devices for regional hepatic chemotherapy: transaxillary versus laparotomic access. J Vasc Access. 2000;1(3):93–9. Epub 2007/07/20

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Castaing D, Azoulay D, Fecteau AH, Bismuth H. Implantable hepatic arterial infusion device: placement without laparotomy via an intercostal artery. J Am Coll Surg. 1998;187(5):565–8. Epub 1998/11/11

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Cheng J, Hong D, Zhu G, Swanstrom LL, Hansen PD. Laparoscopic placement of hepatic artery infusion pumps: technical considerations and early results. Ann Surg Oncol. 2004;11(6):589–97. Epub 2004/05/20

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Van Nieuwenhove Y, Aerts M, Neyns B, Delvaux G. Techniques for the placement of hepatic artery catheters for regional chemotherapy in unresectable liver metastases. Eur J Surg. 2007;33(3):336–40. Epub 2006/11/07

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Kemeny N, Daly J, Reichman B, Geller N, Botet J, Oderman P. Intrahepatic or systemic infusion of fluorodeoxyuridine in patients with liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma. A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107(4):459–65. Epub 1987/10/01

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Hohn DC, Stagg RJ, Friedman MA, Hannigan Jr JF, Rayner A, Ignoffo RJ, et al. A randomized trial of continuous intravenous versus hepatic intraarterial floxuridine in patients with colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver: the Northern California Oncology Group trial. J Clin Oncol. 1989;7(11):1646–54. Epub 1989/11/01

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Rougier P, Laplanche A, Huguier M, Hay JM, Ollivier JM, Escat J, et al. Hepatic arterial infusion of floxuridine in patients with liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma: long-term results of a prospective randomized trial. J Clin Oncol. 1992;10(7):1112–8. Epub 1992/07/01

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Allen-Mersh TG, Earlam S, Fordy C, Abrams K, Houghton J. Quality of life and survival with continuous hepatic-artery floxuridine infusion for colorectal liver metastases. Lancet. 1994;344(8932):1255–60. Epub 1994/11/05

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Kemeny NE, Niedzwiecki D, Hollis DR, Lenz HJ, Warren RS, Naughton MJ, et al. Hepatic arterial infusion versus systemic therapy for hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer: a randomized trial of efficacy, quality of life, and molecular markers (CALGB 9481). J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(9):1395–403. Epub 2006/03/01

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Kingham TP, D’Angelica M, Kemeny NE. Role of intra-arterial hepatic chemotherapy in the treatment of colorectal cancer metastases. J Surg Oncol. 2010;102(8):988–95. Epub 2010/12/18

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Kemeny N, Seiter K, Niedzwiecki D, Chapman D, Sigurdson E, Cohen A, et al. A randomized trial of intrahepatic infusion of fluorodeoxyuridine with dexamethasone versus fluorodeoxyuridine alone in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer. 1992;69(2):327–34. Epub 1992/01/15

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Mocellin S, Pilati P, Lise M, Nitti D. Meta-analysis of hepatic arterial infusion for unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer: the end of an era? J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(35):5649–54. Epub 2007/12/11

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Safi F, Bittner R, Roscher R, Schuhmacher K, Gaus W, Beger GH. Regional chemotherapy for hepatic metastases of colorectal carcinoma (continuous intraarterial versus continuous intraarterial/intravenous therapy). Results of a controlled clinical trial. Cancer. 1989;64(2):379–87. Epub 1989/07/15

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Kemeny N, Gonen M, Sullivan D, Schwartz L, Benedetti F, Saltz L, et al. Phase I study of hepatic arterial infusion of floxuridine and dexamethasone with systemic irinotecan for unresectable hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19(10):2687–95. Epub 2001/05/16

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Kemeny N, Jarnagin W, Paty P, Gonen M, Schwartz L, Morse M, et al. Phase I trial of systemic oxaliplatin combination chemotherapy with hepatic arterial infusion in patients with unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(22):4888–96. Epub 2005/07/13

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Kemeny NE, Melendez FD, Capanu M, Paty PB, Fong Y, Schwartz LH, et al. Conversion to resectability using hepatic artery infusion plus systemic chemotherapy for the treatment of unresectable liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(21):3465–71. Epub 2009/05/28

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. D’Angelica MI, Correa-Gallego C, Paty PB, Cercek A, Gewirtz AN, Chou JF, et al. Phase II trial of hepatic artery infusional and systemic chemotherapy for patients with unresectable hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer: conversion to resection and long-term outcomes. Ann Surg. 2015;261(2):353–60. Epub 2014/03/22

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  53. Ducreux M, Ychou M, Laplanche A, Gamelin E, Lasser P, Husseini F, et al. Hepatic arterial oxaliplatin infusion plus intravenous chemotherapy in colorectal cancer with inoperable hepatic metastases: a trial of the gastrointestinal group of the Federation Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(22):4881–7. Epub 2005/07/13

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Boige V, Malka D, Elias D, Castaing M, De Baere T, Goere D, et al. Hepatic arterial infusion of oxaliplatin and intravenous LV5FU2 in unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer after systemic chemotherapy failure. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008;15(1):219–26. Epub 2007/09/27

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Mitry E, Fields AL, Bleiberg H, Labianca R, Portier G, Tu D, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy after potentially curative resection of metastases from colorectal cancer: a pooled analysis of two randomized trials. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(30):4906–11. Epub 2008/09/17

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Ychou M, Hohenberger W, Thezenas S, Navarro M, Maurel J, Bokemeyer C, et al. A randomized phase III study comparing adjuvant 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid with FOLFIRI in patients following complete resection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol. 2009;20(12):1964–70. Epub 2009/07/02

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Nordlinger B, Sorbye H, Glimelius B, Poston GJ, Schlag PM, Rougier P, et al. Perioperative chemotherapy with FOLFOX4 and surgery versus surgery alone for resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer (EORTC Intergroup trial 40983): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;371(9617):1007–16. Epub 2008/03/25

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. Nordlinger B, Sorbye H, Glimelius B, Poston GJ, Schlag PM, Rougier P, et al. Perioperative FOLFOX4 chemotherapy and surgery versus surgery alone for resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer (EORTC 40983): long-term results of a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14(12):1208–15. Epub 2013/10/15

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Kemeny N, Huang Y, Cohen AM, Shi W, Conti JA, Brennan MF, et al. Hepatic arterial infusion of chemotherapy after resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(27):2039–48. Epub 1999/12/30

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Kemeny NE, Gonen M. Hepatic arterial infusion after liver resection. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(7):734–5. Epub 2005/02/18

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Kemeny MM, Adak S, Gray B, Macdonald JS, Smith T, Lipsitz S, et al. Combined-modality treatment for resectable metastatic colorectal carcinoma to the liver: surgical resection of hepatic metastases in combination with continuous infusion of chemotherapy—an intergroup study. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20(6):1499–505. Epub 2002/03/16

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Ito H, Are C, Gonen M, D’Angelica M, Dematteo RP, Kemeny NE, et al. Effect of postoperative morbidity on long-term survival after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Surg. 2008;247(6):994–1002. Epub 2008/06/04

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Tomlinson JS, Jarnagin WR, DeMatteo RP, Fong Y, Kornprat P, Gonen M, et al. Actual 10-year survival after resection of colorectal liver metastases defines cure. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(29):4575–80. Epub 2007/10/11

    Google Scholar 

  64. Kemeny N, Jarnagin W, Gonen M, Stockman J, Blumgart L, Sperber D, et al. Phase I/II study of hepatic arterial therapy with floxuridine and dexamethasone in combination with intravenous irinotecan as adjuvant treatment after resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(17):3303–9. Epub 2003/08/30

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Kemeny N, Capanu M, D’Angelica M, Jarnagin W, Haviland D, Dematteo R, et al. Phase I trial of adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) with floxuridine (FUDR) and dexamethasone plus systemic oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin in patients with resected liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol. 2009;20(7):1236–41. Epub 2009/02/24

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Heinrich S, Petrowsky H, Schwinnen I, Staib-Sebler E, Gog C, El-Ganainy A, et al. Technical complications of continuous intra-arterial chemotherapy with 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and 5-fluorouracil for colorectal liver metastases. Surgery. 2003;133(1):40–8. Epub 2003/02/04

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Hrushesky WJ. Cancer chronotherapy: a drug delivery challenge. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1990;341A:1–10. Epub 1990/01/01

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael I. D’Angelica MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Chandwani, R., D’Angelica, M.I. (2017). Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy. In: de Santibañes, E., Ardiles, V., Alvarez, F., Busnelli, V., de Santibañes, M. (eds) Extreme Hepatic Surgery and Other Strategies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13896-1_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13896-1_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-13895-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-13896-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics