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Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: Ureteroscopic Biopsy and Specimen Preparation

  • Chapter
Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Abstract

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma is relatively rare. Although urothelial carcinomas are the fourth most common tumor, most of these are located in the urinary lower urinary tract and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) accounts for only 5 % of urothelial tumors and 8 % of renal tumors [1, 2]. In Western countries, the estimated annual incidence of UTUC is approximately 1–2 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The peak incidence occurs in people in their 70s and 80s and it is three times more prevalent in men than women. Concurrent bladder cancer is present in 8–13 % of cases. After treatment recurrent disease develops in the bladder in 15–50 % of UTUC tumor patients [3] (see Chap. 10). Tumors developed in the contralateral upper tract in 2–6 % of patients [4, 5].

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Abbreviations

BTA:

Bladder tumor antigen

CKD:

Chronic kidney disease

CROES:

Clinical research office of the endourological society

CSS:

Cancer specific survival

F:

French

FDP:

Fibrin/fibrinogen degradation product

FISH:

Fluorescence in situ hybridization

FU:

Flexible ureteroscope

H & E:

Hematoxylin and eosin

Ho:

Holmium

MDCTU:

Multidetector computed tomographic urography

NBI:

Narrow band imaging

Nd:

Neodymium

OS:

Overall survival

PHH3:

Phospho-histone H3

RNU:

Radical nephroureterectomy

RPG:

Retrograde ureteropyelogram

SPIES:

Storz Professional Imaging Enhancement System

TUR:

Transurethral resection

UTUC:

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma

WL:

White light

YAG:

Yttrium aluminum garnet

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  1. Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Suite 1112 College Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA

    Demetrius H. Bagley MD, Ryuta Tanimoto MD & Kelly A. Healy MD

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  1. Lenox Hill Hospital, Department of Urology, New York Medical College, Valhala, New York, New York, New York, USA

    Michael Grasso III

  2. Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Demetrius H. Bagley

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Bagley, D.H., Tanimoto, R., Healy, K.A. (2015). Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: Ureteroscopic Biopsy and Specimen Preparation. In: Grasso III, M., Bagley, D. (eds) Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13869-5_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13869-5_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-13868-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-13869-5

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