Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common form of primary liver cancer, is the sixth most common cancer in the world with an estimated over half a million new cases annually. Due to the difficulty in early diagnosis, poor prognosis and lack of effective treatment options, HCC is currently ranked as the second most common neoplastic-related death with a significantly low 5-year survival rate of 6–11 % worldwide. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are genes that are frequently transcribed without protein-coding ability. Two major subsets of ncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNA) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), are considered essential components at multiple levels in gene regulation processes including transcription, post-transcription and translation. The aberrant expression of ncRNAs has been shown to play an important role in many diseases including HCC. ncRNAs are abundant and stable; these fundamental characteristics make them candidates as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers with wide reaching potential. Here we review the current status of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers for HCC.
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Zhao, J., Lawless, M.W. (2015). ncRNA as Diagnostics and Prognostics for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. In: Greene, C. (eds) MicroRNAs and Other Non-Coding RNAs in Inflammation. Progress in Inflammation Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13689-9_12
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