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The Role of ncRNA in Diabetes

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MicroRNAs and Other Non-Coding RNAs in Inflammation

Part of the book series: Progress in Inflammation Research ((PIR))

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus represents a multifactorial, heterogeneous collection of disorders, characterized by a deficiency or failure to maintain normal glucose homeostasis. In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), the most common type of diabetes mellitus, elevated glucose levels arise from multiorgan insulin resistance and/or inadequate insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. The etiology of T2D is complex, and genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, and lifestyle factors are known to contribute to defects of glucose homeostasis, primarily in the pancreatic β-cells, liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. A role for small and long noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the pathogenesis of T2D is also beginning to emerge, and there is already strong evidence of their involvement in the development of many of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease. This chapter summarizes the current state of knowledge of specific ncRNAs, particularly miRNAs, involved in the control of β-cell function and regulation of insulin sensitivity and/or action in peripheral organs. Although much less is known about lncRNAs in T2D, we provide an overview of the current literature in this field. Finally, we discuss the potential value of ncRNAs to serve as biomarkers for T2D development and clinical management of the disease.

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  1. Diabetes, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 Fifth Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA

    Fatjon Leti, Matthew Taila & Johanna K. DiStefano

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  1. Respiratory Research, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeon in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

    Catherine M. Greene

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Leti, F., Taila, M., DiStefano, J.K. (2015). The Role of ncRNA in Diabetes. In: Greene, C. (eds) MicroRNAs and Other Non-Coding RNAs in Inflammation. Progress in Inflammation Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13689-9_11

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