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The Cardiovascular Adrenergic System and Physical Exercise

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The Cardiovascular Adrenergic System

Abstract

The beneficial effects of physical exercise for health are due to physiological adaptations that coordinate several organs. In short term, these adaptations occur to supply the increased metabolic demand imposed by exercising muscles, and in long term, to reduce the homeostatic disturbance caused by exercise training. In this sense, the autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in integrating these short- and long-term physical exercise adjustments by modulating the sympathetic and parasympathetic outflows in health and disease conditions. Additionally, accumulated evidences have shown that exercise training is an efficient strategy for treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. For instance, one striking effect of exercise training is a reduction in sympathetic hyperactivity observed in heart failure. This response results in a better autonomic control of cardiovascular system by improving the cardiac and vascular adrenergic responses to exercise stimulus in heart failure.

In this chapter, the contribution of adrenergic system for the cardiovascular adaptations to short- and long-term physical exercise adjustments is reviewed in health and disease conditions.

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Abbreviations

Akt:

Protein kinase B

EC:

Excitation–contraction

GRK2:

G-protein-coupled kinase-2

HCN4:

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4

HF:

Heart failure

ICa :

L-type Ca2 + channels

NCX:

Sarcolemmal Na+/Ca2 + exchanger

NFAT:

Calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cell

PI3K:

Phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase

PKA:

Protein kinase A

PLB:

Phospholamban

RyR:

Ryanodine receptors

SERCA:

SR Ca2 + ATPase

SR:

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

T-tubule:

Transverse tubule

β-AR:

β-Adrenergic receptor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 65, 05508-900, Butantã, SP, Brazil

    Vanessa Azevedo Voltarelli, Paulo Roberto Jannig, Daniele Gabriel Costa, Luiz Henrique Marchesi Bozi & Patricia Chakur Brum

  2. School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

    Carlos Roberto Bueno Júnior

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  1. Vanessa Azevedo Voltarelli
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  2. Paulo Roberto Jannig
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  3. Daniele Gabriel Costa
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  4. Luiz Henrique Marchesi Bozi
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  5. Carlos Roberto Bueno Júnior
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Correspondence to Patricia Chakur Brum .

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  1. Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA

    Anastasios Lymperopoulos

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Voltarelli, V., Jannig, P., Costa, D., Bozi, L., Júnior, C., Brum, P. (2015). The Cardiovascular Adrenergic System and Physical Exercise. In: Lymperopoulos, A. (eds) The Cardiovascular Adrenergic System. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13680-6_5

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