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Major Depression: An Immune-Inflammatory Disorder

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Immunology and Psychiatry

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Neurotoxicity ((Current Topics Neurotoxicity,volume 8))

Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a high prevalent mental disorder. Several lines of evidence have demonstrated that MDD is accompanied by cell-mediated immune (CMI) activation and a chronic mild inflammatory response, characterized by an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Immune-inflammatory pathways are involved in the onset of depressive symptoms and partly explain the high comorbidity of MDD and general medical diseases. Moreover, antidepressants have anti-inflammatory and negative immunoregulatory effects, while anti-inflammatory agents may improve depressive symptoms. Despite the large evidence describing activated immune-inflammatory responses in MDD, the pathophysiological mechanisms are unclear yet. Future studies should examine the clinical implications of those findings by targeting immune-inflammatory pathways as a therapeutic tool for individuals with MDD.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Cristiano Noto, Lucas B. Rizzo, Rodrigo Mansur & Elisa Brietzke

  2. Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Rodrigo Mansur

  3. IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia

    Michael Maes

  4. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Michael Maes

  5. Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil

    Michael Maes

Authors
  1. Cristiano Noto
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  2. Lucas B. Rizzo
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  3. Rodrigo Mansur
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  4. Elisa Brietzke
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  5. Michael Maes
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael Maes .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University Clinic, Campus Innenstadt Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany

    Norbert Müller

  2. University Clinic, Campus Innenstadt PsychoNeuroImmunology Research Group, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany

    Aye-Mu Myint

  3. Institute fuer Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinikum der Universitaet Muenchen, Muenchen, Germany

    Markus J. Schwarz

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Noto, C., Rizzo, L.B., Mansur, R., Brietzke, E., Maes, M. (2015). Major Depression: An Immune-Inflammatory Disorder. In: Müller, N., Myint, AM., Schwarz, M. (eds) Immunology and Psychiatry. Current Topics in Neurotoxicity, vol 8. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13602-8_8

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