Abstract
I define an evaporite as a salt rock that was originally precipitated from a saturated surface or nearsurface brine in hydrologies driven by solar evaporation (Fig. 1.1a). This simple definition encompasses a wide range of chemically precipitated salts and includes alkali earth carbonates (Table 1.1). Some workers restrict the term evaporite to salts formed at the earth’s surface via solar evaporation of hypersaline waters. To underscore the highly reactive nature of evaporites in the sedimentary realm I think of such evaporites as primary, that is, precipitated from a standing body of surface brine and retaining crystallographic evidence of the depositional/hydrological process set where they formed (e.g. bottom-nucleated or current-derived textures). Outside of a few Neogene examples, there are few ancient evaporite beds with textures that are wholly and completely “primary.” Most in the subsurface exhibit “secondary” (burial-related) textures, while remnants that have be uplifted back to the surface show “tertiary” (exhumation-related) overprints (Figs. 1.2 and 1.9).
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Notes
- 1.
In their original definitions Choquette and Pray (1970) focused their studies on carbonate sediments. Throughout this book I have expanded and slightly modified their original definitions (as noted in italics). So the modified definitions of eogenetic, mesogenetic and telogenetic are as follows: Eogenetic zone extends from surface of newly deposited sediment (not just carbonates) to depths where processes genetically related to surface become ineffective. Telogenetic zone extends from erosion surface to depths at which major surface-related erosional processes become ineffective. Below a subaerial erosion surface, the practical lower limit of telogenesis is at or near watertable (and the related surface driven zone of phreatic meteoric water movement and includes both unconfined and confined aquifers). Mesogenetic zone lies below major influences of processes operating at surface. The three terms also apply to time, processes, or features developed in respective zones.
- 2.
I define brine bodies that are connected to the world’s oceans via an at-surface water body as having a hydrographic connection. I do this to contrast the connection hydrology in drawndown water bodies, which require a subsurface or seepage connection. This marine-seepage conduit may be either an open phreatic (no overlying aquitard or aquiclude) or artesian connection.
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Warren, J.K. (2016). Interpreting Evaporite Textures. In: Evaporites. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13512-0_1
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