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A Question of Balance: Free Radicals and Cochlear Homeostasis

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Book cover Free Radicals in ENT Pathology

Abstract

The cochlea features multiple epithelia with a host of cell types, all of which must work together to support transduction. They achieve this by creating the correct fluid environment for sensory hair cells, including required ion concentrations, electrical potentials, and nutrients. This arrangement has led to variation by epithelium and cell type with respect to how cells communicate and exactly what is being communicated. Part of this communication is likely mediated by oxidants such as superoxide, peroxide, and nitric oxide (NO). These may have very different effects, depending on concentration, which in turn may vary with the local concentration of NO synthases and redox-sensitive factors such as NFκB and AP-1. When the adaptive range of oxidants is exceeded, local injury may result. This chapter focuses on the cochlea as an interdependent system of cells types having different tasks, chemistries, and potentially different sensitivities to oxidative stress. The interdependence of the organ of Corti and cochlear lateral wall is emphasized.

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Acknowledgments

Thanks to Dr. Rick Chole and the WUSM Department of Otolaryngology for patient support of our work. Portions of work shown were supported by NIDCD P30 DC004665 (R.A. Chole) and T35 DC008765 (W.W. Clark). Images in Fig. 3.7 were excerpted from a study performed by Veronica Henson as part of her Capstone research in partial fulfillment of requirements for an AuD in the WUSM Program in Audiology and Communication Sciences.

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  1. Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA

    Kevin K. Ohlemiller Ph.D.

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  1. Kevin K. Ohlemiller Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Kevin K. Ohlemiller Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Cochlear Signaling & Tissue Engin., University of Michigan Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

    Josef Miller

  2. Dept of Speech , Lang & Hearing Sci, Univ of Florida Health Sciences Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA

    Colleen G. Le Prell

  3. Div . of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA

    Leonard Rybak

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Ohlemiller, K.K. (2015). A Question of Balance: Free Radicals and Cochlear Homeostasis. In: Miller, J., Le Prell, C., Rybak, L. (eds) Free Radicals in ENT Pathology. Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13473-4_3

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