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Free Radicals in Nasal and Paranasal Diseases

  • Chapter
Free Radicals in ENT Pathology

Abstract

Free radicals play an important role in nasal and paranasal diseases. The formation of free radicals in these diseases is similar to other tissues. In many cases antioxidants can ameliorate the course of the disease. Inflammations such as rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, acute and chronic tonsillitis or inflammations evoked by cigarette smoke are common nasal and paranasal diseases associated with free radicals. Nitric oxide, as a free radical, has been shown to effect vasodilatation, patency of the nose, secretion of saliva, immunological properties, cytokine stimulation, and wound healing. Nasal and paranasal diseases often influence the composition of saliva; this characteristic can be used to make a diagnosis or better manage patient therapy. Polyps and tumors are affected by free radicals as well, but antioxidant therapy of tumors, especially in advanced cases, may be not suitable.

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Abbreviations

AGE:

Advanced glycation end-products

AMP:

Adenosine monophosphate

AOPP:

Advanced oxidation protein products

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

GPx:

Glutathione peroxidase

GRX-1:

Glutaredoxin, glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase 1

GSH:

Reduced glutathione

GSSG:

Oxidated glutathione

IgE:

Immunoglobulin E

IL:

Interleukine

INFγ:

Interferon γ

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

NO:

Nitric oxide

oxLDL:

Oxidated low density lipoprotein

PGE:

Prostaglandin

RAGE:

Receptor of advanced glycation products

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

TNFα:

Tumor necrosis factor-α

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Acknowledgement

The paper was supported by the Charles University grant PRVOUK P34.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Chemistry, Mulac Hospital, Pilsen, Czech Republic

    Vaclav Holecek

  2. Department of Normal, Pathological and Clinical Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

    Richard Rokyta

  3. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic

    Jaroslav Slipka

Authors
  1. Vaclav Holecek
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  2. Richard Rokyta
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  3. Jaroslav Slipka
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vaclav Holecek .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Cochlear Signaling & Tissue Engin., University of Michigan Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

    Josef Miller

  2. Dept of Speech , Lang & Hearing Sci, Univ of Florida Health Sciences Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA

    Colleen G. Le Prell

  3. Div . of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA

    Leonard Rybak

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Holecek, V., Rokyta, R., Slipka, J. (2015). Free Radicals in Nasal and Paranasal Diseases. In: Miller, J., Le Prell, C., Rybak, L. (eds) Free Radicals in ENT Pathology. Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13473-4_24

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