Abstract
The article presents state of the art on learning languages in the limit from full positive data and negative counterexamples to overextending conjectures. In the main model, the learner can store in its long-term memory all data seen so far. Variants of this model are considered where the learner always gets least counterexamples, or counterexamples bounded by the maximal size of positive data seen. All these variants are also considered for the model, where the learner does not have long-term memory, but can use the last conjecture. Capabilities, properties, and relationships between these models (and some other variations) are surveyed. Also, a variant of the main model restricted to learning classes definable by finite automata by learners definable by finite automata is considered.
Sanjay Jain—Supported in part by NUS grant number C-252-000-087-001.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Angluin, D.: Queries and concept learning. Machine Learning 2(4), 319–342 (1988)
Bārzdiņš, J.: Two theorems on the limiting synthesis of functions. In: Theory of Algorithms and Programs, vol. 1, pp. 82–88. Latvian State University (1974). In Russian
Baliga, G., Case, J., Jain, S.: Language learning with some negative information. Journal of Computer and System Sciences 51(5), 273–285 (1995)
Brown, R., Hanlon, C.: Derivational complexity and the order of acquisition in child speech. In: Hayes, J.R. (ed.) Cognition and the Development of Language, Wiley (1970)
Blum, M.: A machine-independent theory of the complexity of recursive functions. Journal of the ACM 14(2), 322–336 (1967)
Case, J., Jain, S., Lange, S., Zeugmann, T.: Incremental concept learning for bounded data mining. Information and Computation 152(1), 74–110 (1999)
Case, J., Lynes, C.: Machine inductive inference and language identification. In: Nielsen, M., Schmidt, E.M. (eds.) Automata, Languages and Programming. LNCS, vol. 140, pp. 107–115. Springer, Heidelberg (1982)
Case, J., Smith, C.: Comparison of identification criteria for machine inductive inference. Theoretical Computer Science 25, 193–220 (1983)
Demetras, M., Post, K., Snow, C.: Feedback to first language learners: The role of repetitions and clarification questions. Journal of Child Language 13, 275–292 (1986)
Gold, E.M.: Language identification in the limit. Information and Control 10(5), 447–474 (1967)
Hirsh-Pasek, K., Treiman, R., Schneiderman, M.: Brown and Hanlon revisited: Mothers’ sensitivity to ungrammatical forms. Journal of Child Language 11, 81–88 (1984)
Jain, S., Kinber, E.: Learning Languages from Positive Data and Negative Counterexamples. In: Ben-David, S., Case, J., Maruoka, A. (eds.) ALT 2004. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3244, pp. 54–68. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Jain, S., Kinber, E.: Learning languages from positive data and a finite number of queries. Information and Computation 204(1), 123–175 (2006)
Jain, S., Kinber, E.: Iterative learning from positive data and negative counterexamples. Information and Computation 205(12), 1777–1805 (2007)
Jain, S., Kinber, E.: Learning languages from positive data and a limited number of short counterexamples. Theoretical Computer Science 389(1–2), 190–218 (2007)
Jain, S., Kinber, E.: Learning languages from positive data and negative counterexamples. Journal of Computer and System Sciences 74(4), 431–456 (2008). Special Issue: Carl Smith memorial issue
Jain, S., Kinber, E.: Iterative learning from texts and counterexamples using additional information. Machine Learning 84, 291–333 (2011)
Jain, S., Kinber, E.: Automatic Learning from Positive Data and Negative Counterexamples. In: Bshouty, N.H., Stoltz, G., Vayatis, N., Zeugmann, T. (eds.) ALT 2012. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 7568, pp. 66–80. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Jain, S., Kinber, E., Stephan, F.: Automatic learning from positive data and negative counterexamples (2014). Manuscript
Jain, S., Luo, Q., Stephan, F.: Learnability of Automatic Classes. In: Dediu, A.-H., Fernau, H., Martín-Vide, C. (eds.) LATA 2010. LNCS, vol. 6031, pp. 321–332. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
Jain, S., Luo, Q., Stephan, F.: Learnability of automatic classes. Journal of Computer and System Sciences 78(6), 1910–1927 (2012)
Lange, S., Zeugmann, T.: Characterization of language learning from informant under various monotonicity constraints. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence 6, 73–94 (1994)
Lange, S., Zeugmann, T.: Incremental learning from positive data. Journal of Computer and System Sciences 53(1), 88–103 (1996)
Li, Y., Zhang, W.: Simplify support vector machines by iterative learning. Neural Processsing Information - Letters and Reviews 10(1), 11–17 (2006)
Osherson, D., Stob, M., Weinstein, S.: Systems that Learn: An Introduction to Learning Theory for Cognitive and Computer Scientists. MIT Press (1986)
Pinker, S.: Formal models of language learning. Cognition 7, 217–283 (1979)
Rogers, H.: Theory of Recursive Functions and Effective Computability. McGraw-Hill (1967). Reprinted by MIT Press in 1987
Shinohara, T.: Studies on Inductive Inference from Positive Data. PhD thesis, Kyushu University, Kyushu, Japan (1986)
Wexler, K., Culicover, P.: Formal Principles of Language Acquisition. MIT Press (1980)
Wiehagen, R.: Limes-Erkennung rekursiver Funktionen durch spezielle Strategien. Journal of Information Processing and Cybernetics (EIK) 12(1–2), 93–99 (1976)
Zeugmann, T., Lange, S.: A guided tour across the boundaries of learning recursive languages. In: Lange, S., Jantke, K.P. (eds.) GOSLER 1994. LNCS, vol. 961, pp. 190–258. Springer, Heidelberg (1995)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Jain, S., Kinber, E. (2014). Learning from Positive Data and Negative Counterexamples: A Survey. In: Calude, C., Freivalds, R., Kazuo, I. (eds) Computing with New Resources. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 8808. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13350-8_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13350-8_24
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-13349-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-13350-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)