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Osteocytes and Bone Regeneration

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A Tissue Regeneration Approach to Bone and Cartilage Repair

Part of the book series: Mechanical Engineering Series ((MES))

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Abstract

Bone integrity is essential to maintain its load-bearing capacity and to resist fractures. However, the skeleton can be subject to multiple insults during life, from subtle matrix damage in otherwise intact bone, to frank fracture. Fortunately, bone has a remarkable capacity to repair but because this does not always occur spontaneously, particularly in older individuals, a greater knowledge of the mechanisms of repair is required to enable intelligent intervention. To date, a great deal has been learnt about the roles of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone repair, while potential roles of the matrix embedded osteocytes has been much less investigated. Here, we review the evidence for osteocyte involvement in the repair of defects within the bone matrix, such as matrix microdamage, and their potential role in maintenance of a healthy and strong matrix by remodelling the bone from within. We also speculate as to whether osteocytes might be involved in the repair of macro-fractures, by serving as progenitors for the cells that contribute to fracture repair.

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Acknowledgments

Funding from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia and the support of the Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Royal Adelaide Hospital and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia is gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Bone Cell Biology Group, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia

    Gerald J. Atkins, Matthew Prideaux & David M. Findlay

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  1. Gerald J. Atkins
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  2. Matthew Prideaux
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Correspondence to David M. Findlay .

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  1. Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research Unit, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Hala Zreiqat

  2. Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Colin R. Dunstan

  3. Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Vicki Rosen

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Atkins, G.J., Prideaux, M., Findlay, D.M. (2015). Osteocytes and Bone Regeneration. In: Zreiqat, H., Dunstan, C., Rosen, V. (eds) A Tissue Regeneration Approach to Bone and Cartilage Repair. Mechanical Engineering Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13266-2_3

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