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Advances and Applications of Nanomechanical Tools in Cartilage Tissue Engineering

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A Tissue Regeneration Approach to Bone and Cartilage Repair

Part of the book series: Mechanical Engineering Series ((MES))

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Abstract

Native articular cartilage is a hydrated macromolecular composite with heterogeneous composition, structure, and mechanical properties at a hierarchy of length scales. Recently, with the advances of nanotechnology, nanomechanical tools have shown great promises in understanding the mechanistic origins of cartilage function and improving the design of tissue repair strategies. This chapter reviews the current state-of-the-art nanomechanical tools, with a special focus on atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based methods. With the aid of these tools, ultrastructure of individual molecules and spatially variant mechanical properties of tissue engineered products can be directly quantified. Novel scientific information was derived from recent studies via the nanomechanical methods, including choice of cell sources, cell differentiation and purification, as well as biochemical and biomechanical stimulations. It is hoped that further progress in nanomechanical techniques and their applications on engineered cartilage could provide molecular-level mechanistic insight necessary to improve current tissue engineering strategies and propel them toward a functional repair of damaged cartilage.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Lin Han

  2. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA

    Alan J. Grodzinsky

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA

    Alan J. Grodzinsky

  4. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA

    Alan J. Grodzinsky

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  1. Lin Han
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Correspondence to Lin Han .

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  1. Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research Unit, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Hala Zreiqat

  2. Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Colin R. Dunstan

  3. Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Vicki Rosen

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Han, L., Grodzinsky, A.J. (2015). Advances and Applications of Nanomechanical Tools in Cartilage Tissue Engineering. In: Zreiqat, H., Dunstan, C., Rosen, V. (eds) A Tissue Regeneration Approach to Bone and Cartilage Repair. Mechanical Engineering Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13266-2_11

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