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Bioprospects of Coastal Eubacteria pp 59–83Cite as

Alkaliphilic Bacteria: Diversity, Physiology and Industrial Applications

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Abstract

Alkaliphilic bacteria are ubiquitous extremophiles representing a large number of bacterial genera and physiological types, but share common challenges that include cytoplasmic pH homeostasis and associated problems of bioenergetic work. Studies on alkaliphiles have intensified as scientists have recognized their potential in industrial and biotechnological applications, particularly, their ability to produce enzymes with novel characteristics.

Ecological niches ranging from alkaline and nonalkaline environments were sampled to study the biodiversity of alkaliphilic bacteria. Interestingly, all the econiches, including acidic soil, showed the presence of alkaliphilic bacteria belonging to the Gram-positive group, with diverse variations in cultural and morphological features. These isolates possessed enzymes such as amylase, protease, lipase and cellulase, with many isolates possessing multiple enzyme activity at alkaline pH. Two potential isolates, identified as Bacillus lehensis strain SB-D and Bacillus halodurans strain SB-W required sodium for their growth and their internal pH was two units less as compared to external pH. Further, they possessed high cytoplasmic buffering capacities absent in neutrophilic cultures. B. lehensis SB-D produced a viscous exopolymer (EP), separated as a spoolable material on addition of isopropanol, thereby resulting in the loss of viscosity of culture supernatant. The culture broth and cells of B. lehensis SB-D showed emulsification property and the EP was found to be a complex glycolipid with strong metal adsorption and adhesive property for glass and paper. These eubacteria, therefore, hold immense potential for the production of enzymes active at alkaline pH and bioactive compounds.

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    Sunita Borkar

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Borkar, S. (2015). Alkaliphilic Bacteria: Diversity, Physiology and Industrial Applications. In: Borkar, S. (eds) Bioprospects of Coastal Eubacteria. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12910-5_4

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