Skip to main content

Portable High Frequency Surface Wave Radar OSMAR-S

  • Chapter
Intelligent Environmental Sensing

Part of the book series: Smart Sensors, Measurement and Instrumentation ((SSMI,volume 13))

Abstract

The Ocean State Monitoring and Analyzing Radar (OSMAR-S) is a portable high frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) adopting the compact crossed-loop/monopole antenna. It is designed and used for monitoring of sea surface currents, waves and winds. This chapter mainly describes the principles and processing steps of sea state extraction with such a small-aperture radar. Mapping of radial current velocities and wind directions is achieved by a direction finding process, whereas the wave height is extracted by an empirical method after the beamforming. OSMAR-S is has a function of automatic frequency selection (AFS) and interference suppression, which makes it an intelligent instrument in the complex electromagnetic environment. Some comparison experiments are demonstrated to show the good performances of OSMAR-S in sea state monitoring.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_current

  2. Teng, C.: Wave measurements from NDBC buoys and C-MAN stations. In: OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE, vol. 1, pp. 517–524 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Nieto, J.C., Reichert, K., Dittmer, J.: Use of Nautical Radar as a Wave Monitoring Instrument. Coastal Engineering 37, 331–342 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Dobson, E., Monaldo, F., Goldhirsh, J., Wilkerson, J.: Validation of GeoSAT al-timeter-derived wind speeds and significant wave heights using buoy data. J. Geophys. Res. 92(C10), 10719–10731 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Paduan, J.D., Graber, H.C.: Introduction to High-Frequency Radar: Reality and Myth. Oceanography 10(2), 36–48 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Barrick, D.E.: Remote sensing of sea state by radar. In: IEEE International Conference on Engineering in the Ocean Environment, Ocean 1972, pp. 186–192 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Gill, E., Huang, W., Walsh, J.: On the Development of a Second-Order Bistatic Radar Cross Section of the Ocean Surface: A High-Frequency Result for a Finite Scattering Patch. IEEE Journal of Ocean Engineering 31(4), 740–750 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Wyatt, L.R., Thompson, S.P., Burton, R.R.: Evaluation of high frequency radar wave measurement. Coastal Engineering 37(3-4), 259–282 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Zhou, H., Wen, B., Wu, S., et al.: Sea States Observation with a Portable HFSWR During the 16th Asian Games Sailing Competition. Chinese Journal of Radio Science 27(2), 293–300 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Wu, X., Li, L., Li, Y., et al.: Experimental Research on Significant Waveheight Detecting with HFSWR OSMAR071. Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica 43(2), 210–216 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Crombie, D.D.: Doppler spectrum of sea echo at 13.56 mc/s. Nature 175, 681–682 (1955)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Gurgel, K.-W., Antonischki, G., Essen, H.H., et al.: Wellen Radar (WERA): a new ground-wave HF radar for ocean remote sensing. Coastal Engineering 37(3), 219–234 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Wu, S., Yang, Z., Wen, B., et al.: Test of HF ground wave radar OSMAR2000 at the Eastern China Sea. In: OCEANS 2001. MTS/IEEE Conference and Exhibition, vol. 1, pp. 646–648. IEEE (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ponsford, A.M., Sevgi, L., Chan, H.C.: An integrated maritime surveillance sys-tem based on high-frequency surface-wave radars. 2. Operational status and system performance. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 43(5), 52–63 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Barrick, D.E.: 30 Years of CMTC and CODAR. In: IEEE/OES 9th Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology, CMTC 2008, pp. 131–136. IEEE (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Wen, B., Li, Z., Zhou, H., et al.: Sea surface currents detection at the Eastern China Sea by HF groud wave radar OSMAR-S. Acta Electronica Sinica 37(12), 2778–2782 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Wyatt, L.R., Ledgard, L.J.: OSCR wave measurements - some preliminary results. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 21(1), 64–76 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Zhou, H., Wen, B.: Calibration of antenna pattern and phase errors of a cross-loop/monopole antenna array in high-frequency surface wave radars. IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation (2014), doi:10.1049/iet-rsn.2013.0141

    Google Scholar 

  19. Helzel, T., Hansen, B., Kniephoff, M., et al.: Introduction of the compact HF radar WERA-S. In: 2012 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC), pp. 1–3. IEEE (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Wu, X., Li, L., Shao, Y., et al.: Experimental determination of significant wave-height by OSMAR071: Comparison with results from buoy. Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 14(6), 499–504 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Barrick, D.E.: First-order theory and analysis of mf/hf/vhf scatter from the sea. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation 20(1), 2–10 (1972)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Barrick, D.E.: Remote Sensing of the Sea State by Radar. In: Derr, V.E. (ed.) Remote Sensing of the Troposphere. NOAA/Environ Mental Research Laboratories, ch. 12, pp. 1–46. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Longuet-Higgins, M.S., Cartwright, D.E., Smith, N.D.: Observations of the Directional Spectrum of Sea Waves using Motions of a Floating Buoy. In: Ocean Wave Spectra. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Long, A.E., Trizna, D.B.: Mapping of north Atlantic winds by HF radar sea backscatter interpretation. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation 21, 680–685 (1973)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Lipa, B.: Derivation of directional ocean-wave spectra by integral inversion of second-order radar echoes. Radio Science 12(3), 425–434 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Howell, R., Walsh, J.: Measurement of ocean wave spectra using narrow-beam HE radar. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 18(3), 296–305 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Hisaki, Y.: Nonlinear inversion of the integral equation to estimate ocean wave spectra from HF radar. Radio Science 31(1), 25–39 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Wyatt, L.R.: Limits to the inversion of HF radar backscatter for ocean wave measurement. Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology 17(12), 1651–1665 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Barrick, D.E.: Extraction of wave parameters from measured HF radar sea-echo Doppler spectra. Radio Science 12(3), 415–424 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Maresca, J.W., Georges, T.M.: Measuring RMS wave height and the scalar ocean wave spectrum with HF skywave radar. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 85(C5), 2759–2771 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Heron, M.L., Dexter, P.E., McGann, B.T.: Parameters of the air-sea interface by high-frequency ground-wave Doppler radar. Marine and Freshwater Research 36(5), 655–670 (1985)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Gurgel, K.-W., Essen, H.H., Schlick, T.: An empirical method to derive ocean waves from second-order Bragg scattering: prospects and limitations. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 31(4), 804–811 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Cohen, L.: Time-frequency distributions-a review. Proceedings of the IEEE 77(7), 941–981 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Schmidt, R.O.: Multiple Emitter Location and Signal Parameter Estimation. IEEE Trans. Antenna and Propagation 34(3), 276–280 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Welch, P.D.: The use of fast Fourier transform for the estimation of power spec-tra: a method based on time averaging over short, modified periodograms. IEEE Trans. on Audio and Electroacoustics 15(2), 70–73 (1967)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  36. Barrick, D.E., Weber, B.L.: On the nonlinear theory for gravity waves on the ocean’s surface. Part II: Interpretation and Applications. Journal of Physical Oceanography 7(1), 11–21 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Pierson, W.J., Moskowitz, L.: A proposed spectral form for fully developed wind seas based on the similarity theory of SA Kitaigorodskii. Journal of Geophysical Research 69(24), 5181–5190 (1964)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Hasselmann, D.E., Dunckel, M., Ewing, J.A.: Directional wave spectra observed during JONSWAP 1973. Journal of Physical Oceanography 10(8), 1264–1280 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Wen, B., Shen, W., Zhou, H., et al.: Method to realize frequency monitoring by the HF radar receiver. Chinese Patent No. 200610018499.4 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Zhou, H., Wen, B., Wu, S.: Target Detection in the Environment of Radio Fre-quency Interference by HF Radar. Modern Radar 26(9), 29–32 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Zhou, H., Wen, B., Wu, S.: Dense Radio Frequency Interference Suppression in HF Radars. IEEE Signal Processing Letters 12(5), 361–364 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Zhou, H., Wen, B.: Radio Frequency Interference Suppression in Small-Aperture High-Frequency Radars. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 9(5), 788–792 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Hope, M.E., Westerink, J.J., Kennedy, A.B., et al.: Hindcast and validation of Hurricane Ike (2008) waves, forerunner, and storm surge. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2013 118(9), 4424–4460 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Zhou, H., Wen, B. (2015). Portable High Frequency Surface Wave Radar OSMAR-S. In: Leung, H., Chandra Mukhopadhyay, S. (eds) Intelligent Environmental Sensing. Smart Sensors, Measurement and Instrumentation, vol 13. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12892-4_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12892-4_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-12891-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-12892-4

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics