Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Climate Change Impacts on High-Altitude Ecosystems pp 189–213Cite as

Impact of Climate Change on Mountain Flora and Vegetation in the Republic of Macedonia (Central Part of the Balkan Peninsula)

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

This chapter deals with anticipated climatic changes and their impact on flora and vegetation in the following period (2025–2100) in the Republic of Macedonia. The general characteristics of the country, such as geology, relief, and climate, are first presented. The flora of the country is then described and the beginnings of research into flora and vegetation are given. The vegetation of the country is elaborated according to climatic/vegetation regions, with special attention to vegetation of high altitudes. Information on botanically important plant areas (IPA) in the country is given. Climate change in the recent past and various models of anticipated climate change are presented and expected changes in flora and vegetation are presented and discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adamović L (1909) Die Vegetationsverhältnisse von Balkanländer. Die Vegetation der Erde 11, Leipzig

    Google Scholar 

  • Azievska M (ed) (2008) Second national communication on climate change. Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Skopje, 118 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Beniston M, Fox DG (1995) Impacts of climate change on mountain regions. In: Watson RT, Zinyowera MC, Moss RH (eds) Climate change 1995, impacts, adaptations and mitigation of climate change: scientific-technical analyses. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 191–213

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergmeier, E, Dimopoulos P (2008) Identifying plant communities of thermophilous deciduous forest in Greece: species composition, distribution, ecology and syntaxonomy. Plant Biosyst 142(2):228–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brajanovska R (2010) Zajaknuvanje na ekološkata, institucionalnata i finansiskata održlivost na sistemot na zaštiteni podračja vo Republika Makedonija. Makedonsko ekološko društvo, Skopje

    Google Scholar 

  • Brus R (2010) Growing evidence for the existence of glacial refugia of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in the south-eastern Alps and north-western Dinaric Alps. Period Biol 112(3):239–246

    Google Scholar 

  • Čarni A, Mucina L (2015) Validation and typification of some south European syntaxa. Hacquetia 14(1):91–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Čarni A, Košir P, Karadžić B, Matevski V, Redžić S, Škvorc Ž (2009) Thermophilous deciduous forests in Southeastern Europe. Plant Biosyst 143(1):1–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Čarni A, Matevski V (2010) Vegetation along mountain streams in the southern part of the Republic of Macedonia. Braun-Blanquetia 46:157–170

    Google Scholar 

  • Čarni A, Matevski V, Šilc U (2010) Morphological, chorological and ecological plasticity of Cistus incanus in the southern Balkans. Plant Biosyst 144(3):602–617

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Čarni A, Matevski V, Šilc U, Ćušterevska R (2014) Early spring ephemeral therophytic non-nitrophilous grasslands as a habitat of various species of Romulea in the southern Balkans. Acta Bot Croat 73(1):15–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Ćušterevska R, Matevski V, Kostadinovski M, Čarni A (2012) Dry grassland communities of Erysimo-Trifolietum in the north-eastern-part of the Republic of Macedonia. Hacquetia 11(1):91–111

    Google Scholar 

  • Dimopoulos P (2011) Present state of the phytosociological research on the Greek mountains, syntaxonomy and future perspectives. Annali Bot 53:119–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Dimopoulos P, Sýkora KV, Mucina L, Georgiadis T (1997) The high-rank syntaxa of the rock-cliff and scree vegetation of the mainland Greece and Crete. Folia Geobot 32(3):313–334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Em H (1961) Subalpinska bukova šuma vo makedonskite planini. Šumar Pregl 5:21–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Em H (1962) Šumske zajednice četinara u NR Makedoniji. Biol Glas 15:1–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Em H (1964a) Šumata na ploskačot i na cerot vo SR Makedonija Quercetum farnetto-cerris macedonicum Oberd.emd. Ht. God Zb Zemjod-šumar Fak Univ Skopje 17:235–253

    Google Scholar 

  • Em H (1964b) Cerovi šumski zaednici kako oddelen visočinski pojas po nekoi makedonski planini. God Zb Zemjod-šumar Fak Univ Skopje 17:256–261

    Google Scholar 

  • Em H (1974) Za šumite na ela vo Makedonija. God Zb Zemjod-šumar Fak Univ Skopje 26:41–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Em H (1975) Oligotrofna bukova šuma so brukentalija i borovinki. God Zb Zemjod-šumar Fak Univ Skopje 27:5–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Em H (1981). O nekim osobenistima borovih šuma Makedonije II. Šume belog i crnog bora Mariova i Maleševa. Pril Maked Akad Nauk Umet 2(1–2):5–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Em H (1985) Za refugijalnata šumska vegetacija vo SR Makedonija. Pril Maked Akad Nauk Umet 6(1/2):5–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Em H (1986) Na južnoj granici areala smrče, šuma smrče na Šarplanini u Makedoniji. Pril Maked Akad Nauk Umet 5(1):11–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Ewald J (2003) The calcareous riddle: why are there so many calciphilous species in the Central European flora? Folia Geobot 38(4):357–366

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Filipovski G, Rizovski R, Ristevski P (1996) Karakteristiki na klimatsko-vegetacisko-počvnite zoni (regioni) vo Republika Makedonija. Makedonska Akademija na Naukite i Umetnostite, Skopje

    Google Scholar 

  • Grisebach A (1843–1844) Spicilegium florae Rumelicae et Bithynicae. Brunsvigae

    Google Scholar 

  • Hájek M, Tzonev R, Hájková P, Ganeva A, Apostolova I (2005) Plant communities of the subalpine mires and springs in the Vitosha Mt. Phytol Balc 11:193–205

    Google Scholar 

  • Hájková P, Hájek M, Apostolova I (2006) Diversity of wetland vegetation in the Bulgarian high mountains, main gradients and context-dependence of the pH role. Plant Ecol 184:111–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayek A (1924–1927) Prodromus florae peninsulae Balcanicae I. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih 30, Dahlem bei Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayek A (1928–1931) Prodromus florae peninsulae Balcanicae II. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih 30, Dahlem bei Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayek A (1933) Prodromus florae peninsulae Balcanicae III. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih 30, Dahlem bei Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Horvat I (1934) Istraživanje planina Vardarske banovine I. Ljetop Jugosl Akad Znan 47:142–160

    Google Scholar 

  • Horvat I (1935) Istraživanje planina Vardarske banovine II. Ljetop Jugosl Akad Znan 48:211–227

    Google Scholar 

  • Horvat I (1936a) Istraživanje planina Vardarske banovine III. Ljetop Jugosl Akad Znan 49:175–180

    Google Scholar 

  • Horvat I (1936b) Pregled planinska vegetacije zapadnog i središnjeg dijela Balkanskog poluotoka. Comptes rendus du IV-e congrès der géographes et des ethnographes slaves, Sofia. pp. 136–142

    Google Scholar 

  • Horvat I (1937) Istraživanje planina Vardarske banovine IV. Ljetop Jugosl Akad Znan 50:136–142

    Google Scholar 

  • Horvat I (1938) Istraživanje planina Vardarske banovine V. Ljetop Jugosl Akad Znan 51:145–148

    Google Scholar 

  • Horvat I (1960) Planinska vegetacija Makedonije u svijetlu suvremenih istraživanja. Acta Musei Maced Sci Nat 6(8):163–202

    Google Scholar 

  • Horvat I, Pawłowski B, Walas J (1937) Phytosoziologishe studien über die Hochgebirgsvegetation der Rila Planina in Bulgarien. Bull Acad Pol Sci Lett, Cl Sci Math Nat—Sér B: Sci Nat 1937(8/10):159–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Horvat I, Glavač V, Ellenberg H (1974) Vegetation Südosteuropas. Geobotanica selecta 10. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Jovanovski G, Boev B, Makreski P (2012) Minerals from the Republic of Macedonia with introduction to mineralogy. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje

    Google Scholar 

  • Juvan N, Košir P, Marinšek A, Paušič A, Čarni A (2013) Differentiation of the Piceetalia and Athyrio-Piceetalia forests in Slovenia. Tuexenia 33:25–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Karagiannakidou V, Dimopoulos P, Papademetriou K (2001) Phytosociological researches on the montane and high-altitude grasslands of North Eastern Greece: Mount Pangeon. Fitosociologia 38(1):25–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Karanfilovski A (2012) Climate change scenarios for Macedonia. The hydometeorological service of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy, Skopje

    Google Scholar 

  • Košanin N (1924) Geološki i geografski momenti u razviću flore Južne Srbije. Zbornik radova posv. J. Cvijiću, pp. 591–603

    Google Scholar 

  • Marinšek A, Šilc U, Čarni A (2013) Geographical and ecological differentiation of Fagus forest vegetation in SE Europe. App veg Sci 16:131–147

    Google Scholar 

  • Matevski V (2008) Second national communication to the convention of climate change, sector biodiversity. Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Skopje

    Google Scholar 

  • Matevski V (2009) Floristički i vegtaciski istražuvanja na teritorijata na Makedonija (1839–1945). In: Grozdanov C, Tomovski K, Topolinjska Z (eds). Otkrivanjeto i proučuvanjeto na Makedonija vo Evropskata nauka do formiranjeto na Makedonskite državni instituciji. Makedonska Akademija na Naukite i Umetnostite, Skopje, pp. 315–342

    Google Scholar 

  • Matevski V (2013) Raznovidnost i poteklo na florata na Republika Makedonija. Pristapni predavanja, Prilozi i bibliografija na novite členovi na Makedonskata akademija na naukite i umetnostite, vol. 17, MANU, Skopje, pp. 127–171

    Google Scholar 

  • Matevski V, Čarni A, Avramoski O, Juvan N, Kostadinovski M, Košir P, Marinšek A, Paušič A, Šilc U (2011) Forest vegetation of the Galičica mountain range in Macedonia. ZRC Publishing, Ljubljana

    Google Scholar 

  • Matevski V, Čarni A, Ćušterevska R, Kostadinovski M, Mucina L (2015) Typology of the rocky grasslands on carbonate bedrock in the west and southwest of the Republic of Macedonia. Appl Ecol Environ Res (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Matvejeva J (1982) Ruderalna vegetacija na SR Makedonija. MANU, Skopje

    Google Scholar 

  • Melovski L, Matevski V (2008) Development of criteria for the selection of wetland habitats for strict protection-case study of Bunec site in the National park “Mavrovo”. Spec Issues Maced Ecol Soc 8:157–166

    Google Scholar 

  • Melovski LJ, Matevski V, Kostadinovski M, Karadelev M, Angelova N, Radford EA (2010). Značajni rastitelni podračja vo Republika Makedonija. Poseb Izd Makedon Ekol Druš 9:1–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Melovski L, Matevski V, Hristovski S (2013) Third national communication to UNFCCC. Sector: biodiversity. Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Skopje

    Google Scholar 

  • Meshinev T, Apostolova I, Koleva E, Deil U, Loidi J (2000) Influence of warming on timberline rising: a case study on Pinus peuce Griseb. in Bulgaria. Phytocoenologia 30(3/4):431–438

    Google Scholar 

  • Micevski K (1970) Astragalo-Potentilletalia, nov vegetaciski red na brdskite pasišta vo Makedonija. Pril Maked Akad Nauk Umet 2(2):15–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Micevski K (1978a) Reliktnost i endemizam vo florata i vegetacijata na Makedonija. Pristap Predav, Pril Bibliogr Novite Člen Maked Akad Nauk Umet 4:79–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Micevski K (1978b) Tipološki istražuvanja na vegetacijata na livadite i pasištata vo Maleš i Pijanec. In: Filipovski G, Micevski K, Ponov M (eds). Maleš i Pijanec I. vegetacija. MANU, Skopje, pp. 9–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Micevski K (1994) Visokoplaninskata vegetacija na planinata Bistra. MANU, Skopje

    Google Scholar 

  • Micevski K, Matevski V (1987) Teritorijalna podela endema u SR Makedoniji i problem njihove ugroženosti. Poseb izd ANU BiH Odd prir Nauk (Sarajev) 14:199–207

    Google Scholar 

  • Michl T, Dengler J, Huck S (2010) Montane-subalpine tall-herb vegetation (Mulgedio-Aconitetea) in central Europe: large-scale synthesis and comparison with northern Europe. Phytocoenologia 40(2–3):117–154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mucina L, Valachovič M, Jarolimek I, Šeffer J, Kubinska A, Pišut I (1990) The vegetation of rock fissures, screes and snow beds in the Pirin Mountains (Bulgaria). Stud Geobot 10:15–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Oberdorfer E (1948) Gliederung und Umgrenzung der Mittelmeervegetation auf der Balkanhalbinsel. Ber Geobot Forsch Rübel Zür 1974:84–111

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranđelović N, Redžepi F (1980) Prodromus biljnih zajednica Kosova. Biotehnika 8(3–4):213–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranđelović N, Sekovski Ž, Dimeska G (2007) Systematic horological and genetic research into the genus Crocus L. in Macedonia. In: Filipovski G, Lozanovski R, Matevski V (eds). Zbornik na trudovi posveten na akademik Kiril Micevski. MANU, Skopje, pp. 97–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Redžić S (2011a) The syntaxonomy and syngenesis of the Elyno-Seslerietea Br.-Bl. 1948 in the Balkan Peninsula. Ann Bot 3:55–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Redžić S (2011b) Phytogeographic and syntaxonomic diversity of high mountain vegetation in Dinaric Alps (Western Balkan, SE Europe). J Mount Sci 8(6):767–786

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rizovski R, Džekov S (1990) Šumskata vegetacija na planinata Bistra. Bistra 2. Makedonska Akademija na Naukite i Umetnostite, Skopje

    Google Scholar 

  • Šibík J, Šibíková I, Kliment J (2010) The subalpine Pinus mugo-communities of the Carpathians with a European perspective. Phytocoenologia 40(2–3):155–188

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon T (1958) Über die alpinen Pflanzengesellschaften des Pirin-Gebirges. Acta Bot Acad Sci Hung 4(1–2):159–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Stojmilov A (2011) Geografija na Republika Makedonija. Univerzitet za Turizam i Menadzment, Skopje

    Google Scholar 

  • Turill WB (1929) The plant life of the Balkan Peninsula. Claderon Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Valachovič M, Dierssen K, Dimopoulos P, Hadač E, Loidi J, Mucina L, Rossi G, Valle Tendero F, Tomaselli M (1997) The vegetation on Screes—a synopsis of higher syntaxa in Europe. Folia Geobot 32(2):173–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vassilev K, Pedashenko H, Nikolov SC, Apostolova I, Dengler J (2011) Effect of land abandonment on the vegetation of upland semi-natural grasslands in the Western Balkan Mts., Bulgaria. Plant Biosyst 145(3):654–665

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Velev N, Apostolova I (2009) A review of Potentillo ternatae-Nardion strictae alliance. Hacquetia 8(1):49–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zdraveva P (ed) (2014) Third national communication on climate change. Ministry of Environment and Physical Change, Skopje

    Google Scholar 

  • Zupančič M (1992) Zur syntaxonomischen Problematik des Verbandes Bruckenthalion spiculifoliae HT. 1949 (nom. nud.) und der Assoziation Junipereto-Bruckenthalietum; HT. 1938 (nom. nud.) auf der Balkan‐Halbinsel. Feddes Repert 103(3–4):243–268

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

We are grateful to all those who offered us source material for this chapter, such as Ljupčo Melovski from the Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics in Skopje, and Nataša Markovska from the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts. Iztok Sajko form the Research Center of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts kindly prepared a geographical map and other figures. The authors owe thanks to the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts for logistic support. The study was also supported by the Slovenian Research Agency (P1-0236).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Novi trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Andraž Čarni

  2. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Krste Misirkov 2, 1000, Skopje, Macedonia

    Vlado Matevski

  3. Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Arhimedova 5, 1000, Skopje, Macedonia

    Vlado Matevski

  4. University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, 5000, Nova Gorica, Slovenia

    Andraž Čarni

Authors
  1. Andraž Čarni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Vlado Matevski
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andraž Čarni .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey

    Münir Öztürk

  2. Faculty of Forestry, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

    Khalid Rehman Hakeem

  3. Faculty of Forestry, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

    I. Faridah-Hanum

  4. Department of Geogaraphy, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey

    Recep Efe

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Čarni, A., Matevski, V. (2015). Impact of Climate Change on Mountain Flora and Vegetation in the Republic of Macedonia (Central Part of the Balkan Peninsula). In: Öztürk, M., Hakeem, K., Faridah-Hanum, I., Efe, R. (eds) Climate Change Impacts on High-Altitude Ecosystems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12859-7_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation