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Budget and General Assessment of Karst Groundwater Resources

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Karst Aquifers—Characterization and Engineering

Part of the book series: Professional Practice in Earth Sciences ((PRES))

Abstract

Groundwater budgeting as a process of definition or estimation of different input (recharge) and output (discharge) components is an important step in the process of utilization of karst aquifers. Following the general water budget equation, each of the involved input/output parameters is discussed and explained in this chapter. Some of these parameters, such as precipitation, runoff, spring discharge, or artificial withdrawal, can be easily determined, but others could only be estimated by some specific surveying methods or simply approximated, such as surface water infiltration, evapotranspiration, or subsurface aquifer drainage. For the former, some of the common instruments or methods are shown, while empirical formulae or helpful methods such as simultaneous river flow measurements, groundwater table observations, and base flow separation of hydrographs are identified as supportive to perceive “problematic” budget components. Water budget analysis and knowledge of budget elements is the best way to determine groundwater reserves. The classification of the reserves and suggested methods for their calculation is discussed. Here, attention is also paid to aquifer geometry and the specificity of the “breathing” catchment (changeable in time) as an important element for estimation of aquifer size and volume of stored waters.The table which can be used for a rough assessment of groundwater reserves and five case studies with solved practical problems are useful training tools and are also included in this chapter.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Techniques are well described in many basic hydrology textbooks.

  2. 2.

    Pan-recorded values should be corrected (factor ~0.7) to obtain real E t which characterize open water reservoirs or lakes.

  3. 3.

    The volume of interconnected voids against the total volume of rock, i.e., the interconnected fissure and void system able to absorb and to transfer water within the aquifer.

  4. 4.

    Expansion of cone of depression causes creation of new free spaces, both lateral and vertical for infiltration of new water.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Karst Hydrogeology, Department of Hydrogeology, Faculty of Mining and Geology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

    Zoran Stevanović

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  1. Zoran Stevanović
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Correspondence to Zoran Stevanović .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hydrogeology, Faculty of Mining and Geology, University of Belgrade, Centre for Karst Hydrogeology, Belgrade, Serbia

    Zoran Stevanović

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Stevanović, Z. (2015). Budget and General Assessment of Karst Groundwater Resources. In: Stevanović, Z. (eds) Karst Aquifers—Characterization and Engineering. Professional Practice in Earth Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12850-4_6

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