Abstract
Antisocial behavior in adolescents is the single largest contributor to the financial and societal impact of adolescent behavioral problems (see Table 1.1 in Chap. 1). The two broadly defined types of aggressive behavior are reactive and proactive forms. Reactive aggression is described as an aggressive response to a perceived threat or provocation, whereas proactive aggression is defined as behavior that anticipates a reward. The majority of adolescents with severe behavioral problems is either diagnosed with Conduct Disorder (CD) or Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), and is in reality a heterogeneous group depending on the presence or absence of comorbid disorders such as anxiety, mood disorders, and substance abuse. These concepts, mechanisms, and more will be covered in the chapter, as well as special considerations and adjustments in the evaluation and treatment of aggressive and oppositional adolescents.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Anderson, C. A., & Bushman, B. J. (2002). Human aggression. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 27–51.
Apsche, J. A., & Bass, C. K. (2006). A review and empirical comparison of three treatments for adolescent males with conduct and personality disorder: Mode deactivation therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and social skills training. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 2(3), 382–398.
Apsche, J. A., Bass, C. K., Jennings, J. L., Murphy, C. J., Hunter, L. A., & Siv, A. M. (2005a). Empirical comparison of three treatments of adolescent males with physical and sexual aggression: Mode deactivation therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and social skills training. The International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 1(2), 101–113.
Apsche, J. A., Bass, C. K., Jennings, J. L., & Siv, A. M. (2005b). A review and empirical comparison of two treatments for adolescent males with conduct and personality disorder: Mode deactivation therapy and cognitive behavior therapy. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 1(1), 27–45.
Apsche, J. A., Bass, C. K., Siv, A. M., & Matteson, S. G. (2005). An empirical “real world” comparison of two treatments with aggressive adolescent males. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 1(3), 239–251.
Apsche, J. A., Bass, C. K., & Backlund, B. (2012). Mediation analysis of mode deactivation therapy (MDT). The Behavior Analyst Today, 13(2), 2–10.
Apsche, J. A., Bass, C. K., & Houston, M. A. (2006). A one year study of adolescent males with aggression and problems of conduct and personality: A comparison of MDT and CBT. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 2(4), 544–552.
Apsche, J. A., Bass, C. K., & Siv, A. M. (2005). A review and empirical comparison of three treatments for adolescent males with conduct and personality disorder: Mode deactivation therapy, cognitive behavior therapy and social skills training. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 1(4), 371–381.
Apsche, J. A., & DiMeo, L. (2012). Mode deactivation therapy for aggression and oppositional behavior in adolescents: An integrative methodology using ACT, DBT, and CBT. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger.
Apsche, J. A., & Ward Bailey, S. (2003). Mode deactivation therapy: A theoretical case analysis (part 1). The Behavior Analyst Today, 4(3), 342–353.
Ashcroft, J., Daniels, D. J., & Hart, S. V. (2003). Youth victimization: Prevalence and implications. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
Bass, C. K., & Apsche, J. A. (2013). Mediation analysis of mode deactivation therapy (MDT): Reanalysis and interpretation. The International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 8(2), 1–6.
Beck, A. T. (1996). Beyond belief: A theory of modes, personality, and psychopathology. In P. M. Salkovaskis (Ed.), Frontiers of cognitive therapy (pp. 1–25). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Beck, J. S. (2011). Cognitive behavior therapy: Basics and beyond (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Bowlby, J. (1973). Separation: Anxiety and anger. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Brame, R., Turner, M. G., Paternoster, R., & Bushway, S. D. (2011). Cumulative prevalence of arrest from ages 8 to 23 in a national sample. Pediatrics, 129(1), 21–27. doi:10.1542/peds. 2010-3710
Butcher, J. N., & Spielberger, C. D. (1983). Advances in personality assessment (Vol. 2). New York, NY: Routledge.
Carroll, J. (2013). Trait anger. In M. D. Gellman & J. R. Turner (Eds.), Encyclopedia of behavioral medicine (pp. 1987–1989). New York, NY: Springer.
Cattell, R. B., & Scheier, I. H. (1961). The meaning and measurement of neuroticism and anxiety. New York, NY: Ronald Press.
Dane, A. V., & Marini, Z. A. (2014). Overt and relational forms of reactive aggression in adolescents: Relations with temperamental reactivity and self-regulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 60, 60–66. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.12.021
De Azevedo, F. B., Wang, Y. P., Goulart, A. C., Lotufo, P. A., & Benseñor, I. M. (2010). Application of the Spielberger’s state-trait anger expression inventory in clinical patients. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, 68(2), 231–234.
Glasser, M., Kolvin, I., Campbell, D., Glasser, A., Leitch, I., & Farrelly, S. (2001). Cycle of child sexual abuse: Links between being a victim and becoming a perpetrator. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 179(6), 482–494. doi:10.1192/bjp.179.6.482
Kuyken, W., Padesky, C. A., & Dudley, R. (2009). Collaborative case conceptualization: Working effectively with clients in cognitive-behavioral therapy. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Lansford, J. E., Miller-Johnson, S., Berlin, L. J., Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E., & Pettit, G. S. (2007). Early physical abuse and later violent delinquency: A prospective longitudinal study. Child Maltreatment, 12(3), 233–245. doi:10.1177/1077559507301841
Lehnert, K. L., Overholser, J. C., & Spirito, A. (1994). Internalized and externalized anger in adolescent suicide attempters. Journal of Adolescent Research, 9(1), 105–119.
McAdams, C. R., III. (2002). Trends in the occurrence of reactive and proactive aggression among children and adolescents: Implications for preparation and practice in child and youth care. Child and Youth Forum, 31(2), 89–109.
Miller, T. (2004). The social costs of adolescent problem behavior. In A. Biglan, P. A. Brennan, S. L. Foster, & H. D. Holder (Eds.), Adolescents at risk: Prevention of multiple problem behaviors (pp. 31–56). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Nezu, A. M., Nezu, C. M., Friedman, S. H., & Haynes, S. N. (1998). Case formulation in behavior therapy: Problem-solving and functional analytic strategies. In T. D. Eells (Ed.), Handbook of psychotherapy case formulation (pp. 368–401). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Spielberger, C. D., & Reheiser, E. C. (2004). Measuring anxiety, anger, depression, and curiosity as emotional states and personality traits with the STAI, STAXI, and STPI. In M. J. Hilsenroth & D. L. Segal (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of psychological assessment (volume 2): Personality assessment (pp. 70–86). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Swart, J., & Apsche, J. A. (2014a). Family mode deactivation therapy (FMDT): A randomized controlled trial for adolescents with complex issues. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 9(1), 14–22.
Swart, J., & Apsche, J. A. (2014b). Mode deactivation therapy meta-analysis: Reanalysis and interpretation. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 9(2), 16–21.
Swart, J., & Apsche, J. A. (2014c). Family mode deactivation therapy (FMDT) mediation analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 9(1), 1–13.
Thoder, V. J., & Cautilli, J. D. (2011). An independent evaluation of mode deactivation therapy for juvenile offenders. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 7(1), 41–46.
Tugade, M. M., Fredrickson, B. L., & Barrett, L. F. (2004). Psychological resilience and positive emotional granularity: Examining the benefits of positive emotions on coping and health. Journal of Personality, 72(6), 1161–1190.
Tully, F. G., & Brendtro, L. K. (1998). Reaching angry and unattached kids. Reclaiming Children and Youth, 7(3), 147–154.
Vitaro, F., Brendgen, M., & Tremblay, R. E. (2002). Reactively and proactively aggressive children: Antecedent and subsequent characteristics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43(4), 495–505. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00040
Walters, G. D. (2005). Proactive and reactive aggression: A lifestyle view. In J. P. Morgan (Ed.), Psychology of aggression (pp. 29–43). Hauppauge, NY: Nova.
Woody, S., & Rachman, S. (1994). Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) as an unsuccessful search for safety. Clinical Psychology Review, 14(8), 743–753. doi:10.1016/0272-7358(94)90040-X
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Swart, J., Bass, C.K., Apsche, J.A. (2015). Treating Externalizing Disorders: FMDT for Adolescents with Aggressive Behavior. In: Treating Adolescents with Family-Based Mindfulness. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12700-2_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12700-2_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-12699-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-12700-2
eBook Packages: Behavioral ScienceBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)