Skip to main content

Family Mode Deactivation Therapy for Youth: An Introduction

  • Chapter
Treating Adolescents with Family-Based Mindfulness

Abstract

The financial, societal, and human cost of adolescent mental health problems, most noticeably substance use problems, dysfunctional and criminal behavior, and compounding coexisting disorders are considered to be enormous and typically extend into adulthood. According to Miller (2004), the total cost of adolescent behavior problems in the USA in 1998 amounted to US$437 billion (see Table 1.1). Only adjusting for the inflationary time-value of the dollar, the 2014-cost would be US$625 billion, or 2.6 times the projected total 2014 national expenditure on mental health and substance abuse (MHSA).

Besides, adolescent behavioral and mood disorders generally exist in the context of proximal family problems, including parental mental health issues, substance abuse, domestic violence, and child abuse. These complex constellations of problems are difficult to treat with effectiveness and durability, and the probability of relapse and maturation into adult disorders are significant. For all these reasons, it is ever more important to promote a treatment system that has been proved successful for use with this adolescent population.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Apsche, J. A. (2006). A summary of published mode deactivation therapy articles. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 2(3), 439–456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Apsche, J. A. (2011). A literature review and analysis of mode deactivation therapy. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 6(4), 296–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Apsche, J. A., Bass, C. K., & Siv, A. M. (2006). A treatment study of mode deactivation therapy in an outpatient community setting. International Journal of Behavior Consultation and Therapy, 2(2), 277–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Apsche, J. A., Bass, C. K., Zeiter, J. S., & Houston, M. A. (2009). Family mode deactivation therapy in a residential setting: Treating adolescents with conduct disorder and multi-axial diagnosis. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 4(4), 328–339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Austin, A. M., Macgowan, M. J., & Wagner, E. F. (2005). Effective family-based interventions for adolescents with substance use problems: A systematic review. Research on Social Work Practice, 15(2), 67–83. doi:10.1177/1049731504271606

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartlett, R., Holditch-Davis, D., & Belvea, M. (2007). Problem behaviors in adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 33(1), 13–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bass, C. K., Van Nevel, J. M., & Swart, J. (2014). A comparison between dialectical behavior therapy, mode deactivation therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy in the treatment of adolescents. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 9(2), 4–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T. (1996). Beyond belief: A theory of modes, personality, and psychotherapy. In P. M. Salkovaskis (Ed.), Frontiers of cognitive therapy (pp. 1–25). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cloitre, M., Stolbach, B. C., Herman, J. L., Van der Kolk, B., Pynoos, R., Wang, J., & Petkova, E. (2009). A developmental approach to complex PTSD: Childhood and adult cumulative trauma as predictors of symptom complexity. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22(5), 399–408. doi:10.1002/jts.20444

  • Collishaw, S., Maughan, B., Goodman, R., & Pickles, A. (2004). Time trends in adolescent mental health. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(8), 1350–1362. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00335.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cornelius, J. R., Maisto, S. A., Pollock, N. K., Martin, C. S., Salloum, I. M., Lynch, K. G., & Clark, D. B. (2003). Rapid relapse generally follows treatment for substance use disorders among adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 28(2), 381–386. doi:10.1016/S0306-4603(01)00247-7

  • Epp, A. M., & Dobson, K. S. (2010). The evidence base for cognitive-behavioral therapy. In K. S. Dobson (Ed.), Handbook of cognitive-behavioral therapies (3rd ed., pp. 39–73). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geller, B., Craney, J. L., Bolhofner, K., DelBello, M. P., Williams, M., & Zimerman, B. (2001). One-year recovery and relapse rates of children with a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(2), 303–305.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greco, L. A., Baer, R. A., & Smith, G. T. (2011). Assessing mindfulness in children and adolescents: Development and validation of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM). Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 606–614. doi:10.1037/a0022819

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hagell, A. (2009). Time trends in parenting and outcomes for young people. London, UK: Nuffield Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagell, A. (2012). Changing adolescence: Social trends and mental health. Chicago, IL: The Policy Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, W. (1987). The art of living: Vipassana meditation as taught by S. N. Goenka. New York, NY: HarperCollins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., & Fang, A. (2010). The empirical status of the “new wave” of CBT. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 33(3), 701–710. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2010.04.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hudson, J. I., Mangweth, B., Pope, H. G., De Col, C., Hausmann, A., Gutweniger, S.,…Tsuang, M. T. (2003). Family study of affective spectrum disorder. Archives of General Psychology, 60(2), 170–177. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.2.170

  • Hunt, C., & Andrews, G. (2007). Drop-out rate as a performance indicator in psychotherapy. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 85(4), 275–278. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb01469.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huppert, F. A., & Johnson, D. M. (2010). A controlled trial of mindfulness training in schools: The importance of practice for an impact on well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(4), 264–274. doi:10.1080/17439761003794148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2014). Monitoring the future, national survey results on drug use (1975–2012): Key findings on adolescent drug use. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennard, B. D., Emslie, G. J., Mayes, T. L., Nightingale-Teresi, J., Nakonezny, P. A., Hughes, J. L.,…Jarrett, R. B. (2008). Cognitive-behavioral therapy to prevent relapse in pediatric responders to pharmacotherapy for major depressive disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(12), 1395–1404. doi:10.1097/CHI.0b013e31818914a1

  • Kost, K., & Henshaw, S. (2010). U.S. teenage pregnancies, births, and abortions, 2010: National and state trends by age, race and ethnicity. New York, NY: The Alan Guttmacher Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linehan, M. M. (1997). Validation and psychotherapy. In A. Bohart & L. Greenberg (Eds.), Empathy reconsidered: New directions in psychotherapy (pp. 353–392). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Miklowitz, D. J. (2012). Family-focused treatment for children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. The Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 49(2), 95–103.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, T. (2004). The social costs of adolescent problem behavior. In A. Biglan, P. A. Brennan, S. L. Foster, & H. D. Holder (Eds.), Adolescents at risk: Prevention of multiple problem behaviors (pp. 31–56). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Justice. (2014). Youth justice statistics, 2012/13: England and Wales. London, UK: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salmoiraghi, A., & Sambhi, R. (2010). Early termination of cognitive-behavioral interventions: Literature review. The Psychiatric Bulletin, 34(12), 529–532. doi:10.1192/pb.bp.110.030775

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, M., Petermann, F., & Fegert, J. M. (2013). Developmental trauma disorder: Pros and cons of including formal criteria in the psychiatric diagnostic systems. BMC Psychiatry, 13(3), 1–12. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.366.618

    Google Scholar 

  • Segool, N. K., & Carlson, J. S. (2008). Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral and pharmacological treatments for children with social anxiety. Depression and Anxiety, 25(7), 620–631. doi:10.1002/da.20410

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stangier, U., Hilling, C., Heidenreich, T., Risch, A. K., Barocka, A., Schlosser, R.,…Hautzinger, M. (2013). Maintenance cognitive-behavioral therapy and manualized psychoeducation in the treatment of recurrent depression: A multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(6), 624–632. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12060734

  • Swart, J., & Apsche, J. A. (2014a). Family mode deactivation therapy (FMDT): A randomized controlled trial for adolescents with complex issues. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 9(1), 14–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swart, J., & Apsche, J. A. (2014b). Mindfulness, mode deactivation, and family therapy: A winning combination for treating adolescents with complex trauma and behavioral problems. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 9(2), 9–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swart, J., & Apsche, J. A. (2014c). Mode deactivation therapy meta-analysis: Reanalysis and interpretation. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 9(2), 16–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swart, J., & Apsche, J. A. (2014d). Family mode deactivation therapy (FMDT) mediation analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 9(1), 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swart, J., & Apsche, J. A. (2014). A comparative study of mode deactivation therapy (MDT) as a superior treatment of adolescents with suicidal and parasuicidal behaviors. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 9(3).

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, H. J., & Rees, C. S. (2008). Meta-analysis of randomized, controlled treatment trials for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(5), 489–498. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01875.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zgierska, A., Rabago, D., Chawla, N., Kushner, K., Koehler, R., & Marlatt, A. (2009). Mindfulness meditation for substance use disorders: A systematic review. Substance Abuse, 30(4), 266–294. doi:10.1080/08897070903250019

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Swart, J., Bass, C.K., Apsche, J.A. (2015). Family Mode Deactivation Therapy for Youth: An Introduction. In: Treating Adolescents with Family-Based Mindfulness. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12700-2_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics