Abstract
Carbon-based nanoparticles have attracted much attention because of their unique properties like specific strength, lightness, electrical properties and also show several promising potential applications in biology and pharmacology. However, their growing use and mass production have raised several questions about their probable unfavourable effects on human health. For example, use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and fullerenes are there in maximum number of consumer products containing carbon-based nanomaterials and have been reportedly found in environmental samples (Farré et al. 2010).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Balasubramanian K, Burghard M (2005) Chemically functionalized carbon nanotubes. Small 1:180–192
Bianco A, Maggini M, Scorrano G, Toniolo C, Marconi G, Villani C, Prato M (1996) Synthesis, chiroptical properties and configurational assignment of fulleroproline derivatives and peptides. J Am Chem Soc 118:4072–4080
Burley GA, Keller PA, Pyne SG (1999) Fullerene amino acids and related derivatives. Fuller Sci Technol 7:973–1001
Chattopadhyay CN, Billups WE, Bandaru PR (2008) Modification of the electrical characteristics of single wall carbon nanotubes through selective functionalization. Appl Phys Lett 93:243113–243116
Chawla J, Kumar A (2013) Ranking carbon-based nanomaterials using cytotoxicity to minimize public health risks. Int J Environ Eng Manag 4(3):301–308
Chen HH, Yu C, Ueng TH, Chen S, Chen BJ, Huang KJ, Chiang LY (1998) Acute and subacute toxicity study of water-soluble polyalkylsulfonated C60 in rats. Toxicol Pathol 26:143–151
Chen J, Swanang P, Seal S, McGinnis JF (2006) Rare earth nanoparticles prevent retinal degeneration induced by intracellular peroxides. Nat Nanotechnol 1:142–150
Crystal YU, Stacey LH, Robert LT (2007) In vivo evaluation of carbon fullerene toxicity using embryonic zebrafish. Carbon 45:1891–1898
Donaldson K, Murphy F, Poland C, Duffin R, Osmond M, Mccall M, Hawkins S (2009) High aspect ratio nanoparticles: the hazard from long biopersistent fibres. Presented at 4th international conference on nanotechnology—occupational and environmental health, Helsinki, August 2009
Drew R (2009) Engineered nanomaterials: a review of the toxicology and health hazards. Prepared for safe work Australia. http://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au. Accessed 15 Dec 2012
Dumortier H, Lacotte S, Pastorin G, Marega R, Wu W, Bonifazi D, Briand JP, Prato M, Muller S, Bianco A (2006) Functionalized carbon nanotubes are non-cytotoxic and preserve the functionality of primary immune cells. Nano Lett 6:1522–1528
Dutta D, Sundaram SK, Teeguarden JG, Riley BJ, Fifield LS, Weber TJ (2007) Adsorbed proteins influence the biological activity and molecular: targeting of nanomaterials. Toxicol Sci 100:303–315
Farre M, Pereza S, Gajda-Schrantz K, Osorio V, Kantiani L, Ginebreda A, Barcelo D (2010) First determination of C60 and C70 fullerenes and N-methylfulleropyrrolidine C-60 on the suspended material of wastewater effluents by liquid chromatography hybrid quadrupole linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. J Hydrol 383:44–51
Gao J, Wang HL, Iyer R (2010) Suppression of proinflammatory cytokines in functionalized fullerene-exposed dermal keratinocytes. J Nanomater 2010:1–9
Ge JJ, Zhang D, Li Q, Hou H, Graham MJ, Dai L, Harris FW, Cheng SZD (2005) Multiwalled carbon nanotubes with chemically grafted polyetherimides. J Am Chem Soc 127:9984–9985
Grushko YS, Sedov VP, Shilin VA (2007) Technology for manufacture of pure fullerenes C60, C70 and a concentrate of higher fullerenes. Russ J Appl Chem 80:448–455
Guoyong X, Wei-Tai W, Yusong W, Wenmin P, Pinghua W, Qingren Z, Fei L (2006) Synthesis and characterization of water-soluble multiwalled carbon nanotubes grafted by a thermoresponsive polymer. Nanotechnology 17:2458–2465
Isakovic A, Markovic Z, Todorovic-Markovic B, Nikolic N, Vranjes- Djuric S, Mirkovic M et al (2006) Distinct cytotoxic mechanisms of pristine versus hydroxylated fullerene. Toxicol Sci 91:173–183
Jia ZJ, Wang ZY, Xu C, Liang J, Wei BQ, Wu DH, Zhu SW (1999) Study on poly(methylmethacrylate)/carbon nanotubes composites. Mater Sci Eng A 271:395–400
Jia G, Wang HF, Yan L, Wang X, Pei RJ, Yan T, Zhao YL, Guo XB (2005) Cytotoxicity of carbon nanomaterials: single-wall nanotube, multi-wall nanotube, and fullerene. Environ Sci Technol 39:1378–1383
Johnson DR, Methner MM, Kennedy AJ, Steevens JA (2010) Potential for occupational exposure to engineered carbon-based nanomaterials in environmental laboratory studies. Environ Health Perspect 118:49–54
Katz E, Willner I (2004) Biomolecule-functionalized carbon nanotubes: applications in nanobioelectronics. ChemPhysChem 5:1085–1104
Ke G, Guan WC, Tang CY, Hu Z, Guan WJ, Zemg DL, Deng F (2007) Covalent modification of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with a low molecular weight chitosan. Chin Chem Lett 18:361–364
Kolosnjaj-Tabi J, Hartman KB, Boudjemaa S, Ananta JS, Morgant G, Szwarc H, Wilson LJ, Moussa F (2010) In vivo behavior of large doses of ultrashort and full-length single walled carbon nanotubes after oral and intraperitoneal administration to Swiss mice. ACS Nano 4:1481–1492
Kong H, Gao C, Yan D (2004) Controlled functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by in situ atom transfer radical polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 126:412–413
Kovochich M, Espinasse B, Auffan M, Hotze EM, Wessel LXT, Nel AE, Wiesner MR (2009) Comparative toxicity of C60 aggregates toward mammalian cells: role of tetrahydrofuran (THF) decomposition. Environ Sci Technol 43:6378–6384
Lam CW, James JT, McCluskey R, Arepalli S, Hunter RL (2006) A review of carbon nanotube toxicity and assessment of potential occupational and environmental health risks. Crit Rev Toxicol 36:189–217
Li X, Lee SC, Zhang S, Akasaka T (2012) Biocompatibility and toxicity of nanobiomaterials. J Nanomater, Article Id 591278, 2 Pages: 10.1155/2012/591278
Nierengarten JF (2003) Fullerodendrimers: fullerene-containing macromolecules with intriguing properties. Top Curr Chem 228:87–110
Pauluhn J (2010) Subchronic 13-week inhalation exposure of rats to multiwalled carbon nanotubes: toxic effects are determined by density of agglomerate structures, not fibrillar structures. Toxicol Sci 113:226–242
Poland CA, Duffin R, Kinloch I, Maynard A, Wallace WAH, Seaton A, Stone V, Brown S, MacNee W, Donaldson K (2008) Carbon nanotubes introduced into the abdominal cavity of mice show asbestos-like pathogenicity in a pilot study. Nat Nanotechnol 3:423–428
Qiao R, Roberts AP, Mount AS, Klaine SJ, Ke PC (2007) Translocation of C60 and its derivatives across a lipid bilayer. Nano Lett 7:614–619
Rancan F, Rosan S, Boehm F, Cantrell A, Brellreich M, Schoenberger H, Hirsch A, Moussa F (2002) Cytotoxicity and photocytotoxicity of a dendritic C(60) mono-adduct and a malonic acid C(60) tris-adduct on Jurkat cells. J Photochem Photobiol B 67:157–162
Saathoff JG, Inman AO, Xia XR, Riviere JE, Monteiro-Riviere NA (2011) In vitro toxicity assessment of three hydroxylated fullerenes in human skin cells. Toxicol in Vitro 25:2105–2112
Sano M, Okamura J, Shinkai S (2001) Colloidal nature of single-walled carbon nanotubes in electrolyte solution: the Schulze- Hardy Rule. Langmuir 17:7172–7173
Sayes CM, Fortner JD, Guo W, Lyon D, Boyd AM, Ausman KD, Tao YJ, Sitharaman B et al (2004) The differential cytotoxicity of watersoluble fullerenes. Nano Lett 4:1881–1887
Sayes CM, Liang F, Hudson JL, Mendez J, Guo W, Beach JM et al (2006) Functionalization density dependence of single-walled carbon nanotubes cytotoxicity in vitro. Toxicol Lett 161:135–142
Schipper ML, Nakayama-Ratchford N, Davis CR, Kam NWS, Chu P, Liu Z, Sun X, Dai H, Gambhi SS (2008) A pilot toxicology study of single-walled carbon nanotubes in a small sample of mice. Nat Nanotechnol 3:216–221
Schneider NS, Darwish AD, Kroto HW, Taylor R, Walton DRM (1994) Formation of fullerols via hydroboration of fullerene-CGO. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 4:463–464
Shaffer MSP, Koziol K (2002) Polystyrene grafted multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Chem Commun 18:2074–2075
Shvedova AA, Castranova V, Kisin ER, Schwegler-Berry D, Murray AR, Gandelsman VZ, Maynard A, Baron P (2003) Exposure to carbon nanotube material: assessment of nanotube cytotoxicity using human keratinocyte cells. J Toxicol Environ Health Part A 66:1909–1926
Singh R, Pantarotto D, Lacerda L, Pastorin G, Klumpp C, Prato M, Bianco A, Kostarelos K (2006) Tissue biodistribution and blood clearance rates of intravenously administered carbon nanotube radiotracers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:3357–3362
Tong H, McGee JK, Saxena RK, Kodavanti UP, Devlin RB, Gilmour MI (2009) Influence of acid functionalization on the cardiopulmonary toxicity of carbon nanotubes and carbon black particles in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 239:224–232
Wang J, Sun RH, Zhang N, Nie H, Liu JH, Wang JN, Wang H, Liu Y (2009) Multi-walled carbon nanotubes do not impair immune functions of dendritic cells. Carbon 47:1752–1760
Wu M, Gordon RE, Herbert R, Padilla M, Moline J et al (2010) Case report: lung disease in world trade center responders exposed to dust and smoke: carbon nanotubes found in the lungs of world trade center patients and dust samples. Environ Health Perspect 118:499–504
Yin JJ, Lao F, Fu PP, Wame WG, Zhao Y, Wang PC, Qiu Y, Sun B, Xing G, Dong J et al (2009) The scavenging of reactive oxygen species and the potential for cell protection by functionalised fullerene materials. Biomaterials 30:611–612
Zhang J, Zou HL, Qing Q, Yang YL, Li QW, Liu ZF, Guo XY, Du ZL (2003) Effect of chemical oxidation on the structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes. J Phys Chem B 107:3712–3718
Zhu X, Zhu L, Li Y, Duan Z, Chen W, Alvarez PJ (2007) Developmental toxicity in zebrafish (Daniorerio) embryos after exposure to manufactured nanomaterials: buckminsterfullerene aggregates (nC60) and fullerol. Environ Toxicol Chem 26:976–979
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Department of Science and Technology (India) for supporting this study through the grant no: DST/TM/WTI/2K11/301(G) and Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (India) for offering the Summer Faculty Research Fellowship to the first author.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Capital Publishing Company
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chawla, J., Kumar, A. (2015). Reducing the Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes and Fullerenes Using Surface Modification Strategy. In: Raju, N., Gossel, W., Sudhakar, M. (eds) Management of Natural Resources in a Changing Environment. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12559-6_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12559-6_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-12558-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-12559-6
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)