Abstract
Biomaterials, a name given to express materials used as medical implants, indwelling devices, extracorporeal ones and other categories in several medical fields, have increasingly played a significant role when aiming at improving the quality of life in humans. The behavior of a biomaterial with the surrounding physiologic environment is of major relevance for determining the in vivo performance and host acceptance of any device. Indeed, the biocompatibility and bio-functionality of implantable devices remains a serious challenge in establishing the device’s function and lifetime. Several research efforts have been conducted to further understand and control the interactions between biomaterials and cell-mediated processes, aiming at the definition of the main guidelines that regulate materials biocompatibility. Several criteria should be met when considering a biomaterial for a specific application. On the materials’ perspective, its composition, mechanical, physicochemical, thermal, electrical properties must be well understood. In parallel, knowledge on the cell-biomaterial interaction mechanisms (including specific adhesion proteins and cell receptors, signal transduction, cell differentiation, tissue development, host immune response mechanisms, to name a few processes) must be attained, to better characterize, follow up and control cell-biomaterial interactions. This review attempts to define the basic phenomenon that take place when a biomaterial comes into contact with host living tissues. Numerous strategies have been investigated to overcome body reactions induced by the implantation of devices. These strategies, their advantages and limitations, along with the fundamentals underlying biomaterials-tissue interactions and current research on biomaterial surface modification are discussed. Besides, the use of polymeric biomaterials for use in age-related macular degeneration will be presented as a case study.
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Abbreviations
- AFM:
-
Atomic force microscopy
- AMD:
-
Age-related macular degeneration
- ATRP:
-
Atom transfer radical polymerization
- BM:
-
Bruch’s membrane
- CCMS:
-
4-(N-cinnamoylcarbamide)methylstyrene
- DNA:
-
Deoxyribonucleic acid
- ECM:
-
Extracellular matrix
- EGF:
-
Epithelial cell growth factor
- FBGCs:
-
Foreign body giant cells
- FGF:
-
Fibroblast growth factor
- Fn:
-
Fibrinogen
- GAGs:
-
Glycosaminoglycans
- GOD:
-
Glucose oxidase
- HLC:
-
Human lens capsule
- ICAMs:
-
Intracellular adhesion molecules
- IPAAm:
-
N-isopropylacrylamide
- IPE:
-
Iris pigment epithelium
- IPNs:
-
Interpenetrating polymer networks
- LB:
-
Langmuir-Blodgett
- MAdCAM:
-
Mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule
- OSs:
-
Photoreceptor outer segments
- PDMS:
-
Polydimethylsiloxane
- PGS:
-
Poly(glycerol sebacate)
- PHBV8:
-
Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate)
- PLC:
-
Porcine lens capsule
- PLGA:
-
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid
- PLLA:
-
Poly(L-lactide)
- PMMA:
-
Poly(methyl methacrylate)
- PMN:
-
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
- RFGD:
-
Radio frequency gas discharge
- RGD:
-
Tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp
- RPCs:
-
Retinal progenitor cells
- RPE:
-
Retinal pigment-epithelium
- SAMs:
-
Self-assembly monolayers
- SIP:
-
Surface-initiated polymerization
- STM:
-
Scanning tunnelling microscopy
- UV:
-
Ultra-violet
- VCAM:
-
Vascular cell adhesion molecule
- VEGF:
-
Vascular endothelial cell growth factor
- θ:
-
Contact angle
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Gonçalves, S., Dourado, F., Rodrigues, L.R. (2015). Overview on Cell-Biomaterial Interactions. In: Puoci, F. (eds) Advanced Polymers in Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12478-0_4
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