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Polymer Based Biosensors for Medical Applications

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Advanced Polymers in Medicine

Abstract

The objective of this chapter is to give an overview about the newest developments in biosensors made of polymers for medical applications. Biosensors are devices that can recognize and detect a target with high selectivity. They are widely used in many fields such as medical diagnostic, environmental monitoring and food safety. The detected element varies from a single molecule (such as glucose), a biopolymer (such as DNA or a protein) to a whole organism (such as bacteria). Due to their easy use and possible miniaturization, biosensors have a high potential to come out of the lab and be available for use by everybody. To fulfil these purposes, polymers represent very appropriate materials. Many nano- and microfabrication methods for polymers are available, allowing a fast and cheap production of devices. This chapter will present the general concept of a biosensor in a first part. The second part will focus on conducting polymers, used as electrode material in devices based on electrochemical detection. A third part will describe the molecularly imprinted technology, where the target is replicated in 3D negative form into the polymer.

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Abbreviations

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

COC:

Cyclic olefin copolymer

CP:

Conductive polymers or intrinsically conducting polymers

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

EDC:

1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride

EGCG:

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

GOx:

Glucose oxidase

IUPAC:

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

ITO:

Indium tin oxide

LOD:

Limit of detection

MIP:

Molecularly imprinted polymer

NIP:

Non imprinted polymer

NHS:

N-Hydroxysuccinimide

NTA:

Nitrilotriacetic acid

PANI:

Polyaniline

PDMS:

Polydimethylsiloxane

PEDOT:

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)

PMMA:

Poly(methyl methacrylate)

POC:

Point of care

PPy:

Polypyrrole

QD:

Quantum dots

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

SELEX:

Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment

ssDNA:

Single stranded DNA

UV:

Ultraviolet

v/v:

Volume to volume

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  1. Department for Micro-and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

    Solène Cherré & Noemi Rozlosnik

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  1. Solène Cherré
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  1. Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sci., University of Calabria, Rende, Italy

    Francesco Puoci

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Cherré, S., Rozlosnik, N. (2015). Polymer Based Biosensors for Medical Applications. In: Puoci, F. (eds) Advanced Polymers in Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12478-0_17

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