Abstract
Over the past decade nanoparticulate polymers has been established both in pharmaceutical and in clinical research. These kinds of systems are expected to stay in the blood for long time and accumulate in pathological sites with affected and leaky vasculature, such as tumors or inflammatory areas, via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, facilitating targeted delivery of specific drugs and genes into poorly accessible areas. Moreover, minimally invasive cancer biomarkers are greatly required for routine clinical practice, for example to deliver hydrophobic imaging agents. Finally, in the last years nano-scaled polymeric systems able to combine both therapy and imaging were designed and developed in a new research field that is called theranostics (or theragnostics). This chapter summarizes the different kinds of polymeric systems used to synthesize therapeutic, diagnostic and theranostic agents in cancer treatment with particular attention to nanoparticulate systems.
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Abbreviations
- CMV:
-
Cytomegalovirus
- DDS:
-
Drug delivery systems
- DOTA:
-
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10- tetrakisacetic acid
- DOX:
-
Doxorubicin
- EGFR:
-
Epidermal growth factor receptor
- EPR:
-
Enhanced permeability and retention
- FA:
-
Folic acid
- GOx:
-
Glucose oxidase
- HPMA:
-
N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide
- LCST:
-
Lower critical solution temperature
- LHRH:
-
Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
- MMA:
-
Methyl methacrylate
- MMP:
-
Matrix metalloproteinase
- MR:
-
Magnetic resonance
- MRI:
-
Magnetic resonance imaging
- NBA:
-
O-nitrobenzyl acrylate
- NIPAAM:
-
N-isopropylacrylamide
- NIR:
-
Near-infrared
- NIRF:
-
Near-infrared fluorescence
- NIS:
-
Sodium iodide symporter
- OEGMA:
-
Oligo(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate
- P(AA/MAA):
-
Poly(acrylic/methacrylic acid)
- Pc:
-
Phthalocyanines
- PCL:
-
Poly(ε-caprolactone)
- PcSi-(OH)(mob):
-
Monosubstituted phthalocyanine
- PDT:
-
Photodynamic therapy
- PEG:
-
Poly(ethylene glycol)
- PEG-A:
-
Poly(ethyleneglycol)monoacrylate
- PEGMEM:
-
Peg methyl ether methacrylate
- PEG-PPS-PEG:
-
Peg-β-poly(propylene sulfide)-β–peg
- PEGPTMBPEC:
-
Peg-β-poly(2,4,6-trimethoxybenzylidenepentaerythritol carbonate)
- PLA:
-
Polylactic acid
- PNIPAAM:
-
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)
- PPI G4:
-
Generation 4 polypropylenimine
- PPS:
-
Poly(propylene sulfide)
- Ps:
-
Polymersome
- PTX:
-
Paclitaxel
- QDs:
-
Quantum dots
- RF:
-
Radio-frequency
- SPIONs:
-
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
- TNPs:
-
Theranostic nanoparticles
- VP:
-
N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone
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Curcio, M., Parisi, O.I., Puoci, F. (2015). Polymers in Oncology. In: Puoci, F. (eds) Advanced Polymers in Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12478-0_10
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