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Cosmogenic Radioisotopes for Study of the Genesis and Dynamics of Water

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Nuclear Geophysics

Part of the book series: Springer Geophysics ((SPRINGERGEOPHYS))

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Abstract

The Earth’s atmosphere is penetrated by a continuous flux of charged particles, consisting of protons and nuclei of various elements of cosmic origin. Consequently, a great variety of radioisotopes, referred to as cosmogenic, are produced due to the interaction of these particles with the atomic nuclei of elements that constitute the atmosphere. Transported by air masses, radioisotopes are abundant over the whole gaseous sphere of the Earth. Being mixed with atmospheric moisture, a proportion falls over the Earth’s surface, to enter the hydrological cycle as components of surface waters, soil-ground moisture and groundwaters. Another proportion becomes a component of ocean and inland basin waters through exchange at the surface of water reservoirs. Finally, the Earth’s biosphere plays an active role in exchange processes, which are of great importance for some cosmogenic isotopes. Cosmic dust is another source of cosmogenic isotopes, as are meteorites that are continually falling onto the Earth’s surface. Being in cosmic space these meteorites have been subjected to a bombardment of cosmic radiation. Nuclear reactions accompanying the process produce many radioisotopes. The origin and distribution of cosmogenic radioisotopes, global circulation of tritium, radiocarbon and other cosmogenic radionuclides are discussed in this chapter.

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    V. I. Ferronsky

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Ferronsky, V. (2015). Cosmogenic Radioisotopes for Study of the Genesis and Dynamics of Water. In: Nuclear Geophysics. Springer Geophysics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12451-3_10

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