Skip to main content

Selected Topics from the Experiments with High-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions: Hot QCD in the Laboratory

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Lectures on Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology

Part of the book series: Springer Proceedings in Physics ((SPPHY,volume 161))

  • 1237 Accesses

Abstract

The main aspects of the physics of heavy-ion collisions are presented, as well as the fundamental features of the study of hot QCD in the laboratory. Thus, it is first included a detailed description of the soft probes of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) formation (centrality of a heavy-ion collision, particle production, particle identification, particle spectra, particle yields at freeze-out, freeze-out temperature and thermal models, the radial flow, baryon anomaly, and elliptic flow). Also, the current state-of-the-art of the hard probes of QGP is exposed (jet quenching with hadron observables, particle correlations at high-p\(_T\), jet quenching with fully reconstructed jets, experimental aspects of jet reconstruction in heavy-ion collisions, jets in AA collisions at the LHC, jet fragmentation, energy loss of the heavy-flavor, and thermalization of charm). Finally, the important questions connected to quarkonia (J/\(\varPsi \) R\(_{AA}\) at RHIC and the LHC, sequential suppression of quarkonia, J/\(\varPsi \) \(\nu _2\), and cold nuclear matter effects) are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. A. Bazavov et al., HotQCD Collaboration, Chiral and deconfinement aspects of the QCD transition. Phys. Rev. D 85, 054503 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  2. D.J. Schwarz, The first second of the universe. Ann. Phys. 12, 220–270 (2003). arXiv:astro-ph/0303574

  3. R. Rapp, H. van Hees, M. He, Properties of thermal photons at RHIC and LHC. Nucl. Phys. A (2014) (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  4. H. Petersen, M. Bleicher, S.A. Bass, H. Stocker, UrQMD v2.3: changes and comparisons. arXiv:0805.0567

  5. G. Aad et al., ATLAS Collaboration, Observation of a centrality-dependent dijet asymmetry in Pb-Pb collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76\) TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 252303 (2010). arXiv:1011.6182

  6. G. Aad et al., ATLAS Collaboration, The ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. JINST 3, S08003 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  7. M.L. Miller, K. Reygers, S.J. Sanders, P. Steinberg, Glauber modeling in high energy nuclear collisions. Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 57, 205–243 (2007). arXiv:nucl-ex/0701025

  8. B. Abelev et al., ALICE Collaboration, Centrality determination of Pb-Pb collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76\) TeV with ALICE. Phys. Rev. C88(4), 044909 (2013). arXiv:1301.4361

  9. K. Aamodt et al., ALICE Collaboration, Charged-particle multiplicity density at mid-rapidity in central Pb-Pb collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76\) TeV. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 252301 (2010). arXiv:1011.3916

  10. E. Abbas et al., ALICE Collaboration, Centrality dependence of the pseudorapidity density distribution for charged particles in Pb-Pb collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76\) TeV. Phys. Lett. B726, 610–622 (2013). arXiv:1304.0347

  11. T. Sjöstrand, S. Mrenna, P.Z. Skands, A brief introduction to PYTHIA 8.1, Comput.i Phys. Commun. 178, 852–867 (2008). arXiv:0710.3820

  12. B.B. Abelev et al., ALICE Collaboration, Multiplicity dependence of the average transverse momentum in pp, p-Pb, and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC. Phys. Lett. B727, 371–380 (2013). arXiv:1307.1094

  13. B. Abelev et al., ALICE Collaboration, Centrality dependence of \(\pi \), K, p production in Pb-Pb collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76\) TeV. Phys. Rev. C88(4), 044910 (2013). arXiv:1303.0737

  14. K. Aamodt et al., The ALICE Collaboration, The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC. J. Instrum. 3(08), S08002 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  15. B.B. Abelev et al., ALICE Collaboration, Performance of the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC. arXiv:1402.4476

  16. F. Ronchetti, The ALICE Collaboration, The ALICE electromagnetic calorimeter project. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 160(1), 012012 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  17. J. Proudfoot, Hadron Calorimetry at the LHC, SLAC, http://www.slac.stanford.edu/econf/C060717/papers/L012.PDF. Accessed July 2006

  18. S. Chatrchyan et al., CMS Collaboration, The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. JINST 3, S08004 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  19. J. Alves, A. Augusto et al., LHCb Collaboration, The LHCb detector at the LHC. JINST 3, S08005 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  20. K. Adcox et al., PHENIX Collaboration, PHENIX detector overview. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A499, 469–479 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  21. K. Ackermann et al., STAR Collaboration, STAR detector overview. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A499, 624–632 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  22. B.B. Abelev et al., ALICE Collaboration, \(K^0_S\) and \(\Lambda \) production in Pb-Pb collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}\) = 2.76 TeV. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111(22), 222301 (2013). arXiv:1307.5530

  23. E. Schnedermann, J. Sollfrank, U. Heinz, Thermal phenomenology of hadrons from 200A GeV S+S collisions. Phys. Rev. C 48, 2462–2475 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  24. M. Floris, Hadron yields and the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. arXiv:1408.6403

  25. A. Andronic, P. Braun-Munzinger, K. Redlich, J. Stachel, The thermal model on the verge of the ultimate test: particle production in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC. J. Phys. G38, 124081 (2011). arXiv:1106.6321

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. J. Cleymans, I. Kraus, H. Oeschler, K. Redlich, S. Wheaton, Statistical model predictions for particle ratios at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}\) = 5.5 TeV. Phys. Rev. C74, 034903 (2006). arXiv:hep-ph/0604237

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. M. Petrán, J. Letessier, V. Petráček, J. Rafelski, Hadron production and quark-gluon plasma hadronization in Pb-Pb collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76\) TeV. Phys. Rev. C88(3), 034907 (2013). arXiv:1303.2098

  28. J. Adams et al., Experimental and theoretical challenges in the search for the quark-gluon plasma: the STAR collaboration’s critical assessment of the evidence from RHIC collisions. Nucl. Phys. A 757(1–2), 102–183 (2005). (First Three Years of Operation of RHIC)

    Google Scholar 

  29. P. Kolb, U. Heinz, Quark-Gluon Plasma 3, ed by R.C. Hwa, X.N. Wang (World Scientific, Singapore, 2004), pp. 634–714

    Google Scholar 

  30. J.-Y. Ollitrault, Relativistic hydrodynamics for heavy-ion collisions. Eur. J. Phys. 29, 275–302 (2008). arXiv:0708.2433

  31. S.A. Voloshin, A.M. Poskanzer, R. Snellings, Collective phenomena in non-central nuclear collisions. arXiv:0809.2949

  32. A. Andronic et al., FOPI Collaboration, Excitation function of elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions and the nuclear matter equation of state. Phys. Lett. B612, 173–180 (2005). arXiv:nucl-ex/0411024

  33. K. Aamodt et al., ALICE Collaboration, Elliptic flow of charged particles in Pb-Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 252302 (2010). arXiv:1011.3914

  34. K. Aamodt et al., ALICE Collaboration, Higher harmonic anisotropic flow measurements of charged particles in Pb-Pb collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76\) TeV. Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 032301 (2011). arXiv:1105.3865

  35. P. Kovtun, D.T. Son, A.O. Starinets, Viscosity in strongly interacting quantum field theories from black hole physics. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 111601 (2005). arXiv:hep-th/0405231

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. K. Aamodt et al., ALICE Collaboration, Harmonic decomposition of two-particle angular correlations in Pb-Pb collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76\) TeV. Phys. Lett. B708, 249–264 (2012). arXiv:1109.2501

  37. B.B. Abelev et al., ALICE Collaboration, Elliptic flow of identified hadrons in Pb-Pb collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{\rm {NN}}}\) = 2.76 TeV. arXiv:1405.4632

  38. H. Song, S. Bass, U.W. Heinz, Spectra and elliptic flow for identified hadrons in 2.76 A TeV Pb+Pb collisions. Phys. Rev. C89, 034919 (2014). arXiv:1311.0157

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. J. Beringer et al., Review of particle physics. Phys. Rev. D86, 010001 (2012)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. D. d’Enterria, Jet quenching. arXiv:0902.2011

  41. S. Chatrchyan et al., CMS Collaboration, Study of high-i\(p_T\) charged particle suppression in PbPb compared to \(pp\) collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76\) TeV, Eur. Phys. J. C72, 1945 (2012). arXiv:1202.2554

  42. S. Chatrchyan et al., CMS Collaboration, Measurement of isolated photon production in \(pp\) and PbPb collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76\) TeV. Phys. Lett. B710, 256–277 (2012). arXiv:1201.3093

  43. S. Chatrchyan et al., CMS Collaboration, Study of \(W\) boson production in PbPb and \(pp\) collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76\) TeV. Phys. Lett. B715, 66–87 (2012). arXiv:1205.6334

  44. S. Chatrchyan et al., CMS Collaboration, Study of Z boson production in PbPb collisions at nucleon-nucleon centre of mass energy = 2.76 TeV. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 212301 (2011). arXiv:1102.5435

  45. B. Abelev et al., ALICE Collaboration, Transverse momentum distribution and nuclear modification factor of charged particles in \(p\)-Pb collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02\) TeV. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 082302 (2013). arXiv:1210.4520

  46. K. Aamodt et al., ALICE Collaboration, Particle-yield modification in jet-like azimuthal di-hadron correlations in Pb-Pb collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76\) TeV. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 092301 (2012). arXiv:1110.0121

  47. K.M. Burke, A. Buzzatti, N. Chang, C. Gale, M. Gyulassy et al., Extracting jet transport coefficient from jet quenching at RHIC and LHC. Phys. Rev. C90, 014909 (2014). arXiv:1312.5003

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. D. Britzger et al., fast NLO, 2014

    Google Scholar 

  49. M. Cacciari, G.P. Salam, G. Soyez, FastJet user manual. Eur. Phys. J. C72, 1896 (2012). arXiv:1111.6097

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  50. B. Abelev et al., ALICE Collaboration, Measurement of charged jet suppression in Pb-Pb collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}\) = 2.76 TeV. JHEP 1403, 013 (2014). arXiv:1311.0633

  51. G. Aad et al., ATLAS Collaboration, Measurement of the jet radius and transverse momentum dependence of inclusive jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 2.76\) TeV with the ATLAS detector. Phys. Lett. B719, 220–241 (2013). arXiv:1208.1967

  52. B. Abelev et al., ALICE Collaboration, Centrality dependence of charged particle production at large transverse momentum in Pb-Pb collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{\rm {NN}}} = 2.76\) TeV. Phys. Lett. B720, 52–62 (2013). arXiv:1208.2711

  53. G. Aad et al., ATLAS Collaboration, Measurement of the jet fragmentation function and transverse profile in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector. Eur. Phys. J. C71, 1795 (2011). arXiv:1109.5816

  54. S. Chatrchyan et al., CMS Collaboration, Measurement of jet fragmentation into charged particles in \(pp\) and PbPb collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76\) TeV. JHEP 1210, 087 (2012). arXiv:1205.5872

  55. S. Chatrchyan et al., CMS Collaboration, Modification of jet shapes in PbPb collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76\) TeV. Phys. Lett. B730, 243–263 (2014). arXiv:1310.0878

  56. CMS Collaboration, Measurement of transverse momentum flow relative to the dijet system in PbPb and pp collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}\) = 2.76 TeV. CMS-PAS-HIN-14-010 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  57. S. Chatrchyan et al., CMS Collaboration, Studies of jet quenching using isolated-photon+jet correlations in PbPb and \(pp\) collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76\) TeV. Phys. Lett. B718, 773–794 (2013). arXiv:1205.0206

  58. S. Chatrchyan et al., CMS Collaboration, Suppression of non-prompt \(J/\psi \), prompt \(J/\psi \), and Y(1S) in PbPb collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76\) TeV. JHEP 1205, 063 (2012). arXiv:1201.5069

  59. B. Abelev et al., ALICE Collaboration, Suppression of high transverse momentum D mesons in central Pb-Pb collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76\) TeV. JHEP 1209, 112 (2012). arXiv:1203.2160

  60. B. Abelev et al., ALICE Collaboration, Anisotropic flow of charged hadrons, pions and (anti-)protons measured at high transverse momentum in Pb-Pb collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}\)  =  2.76 TeV. Phys. Lett. B719, 18–28 (2013) . arXiv:1205.5761

  61. B. Abelev et al., ALICE Collaboration, D meson elliptic flow in non-central Pb-Pb collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}\,=\,2.76\) TeV. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 102301 (2013). arXiv:1305.2707

  62. T. Matsui, H. Satz, J/\(\Psi \) suppression by quark-gluon plasma formation. Phys. Lett. B 178, 416–422 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  63. Á. Mócsy, P. Petreczky, M. Strickland, Quarkonia in the quark gluon plasma. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 28(11), 1340012 (2013). http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/pdf/10.1142/S0217751X13400125

  64. R. Granier de Cassagnac, Quarkonium suppression from SPS to RHIC (and from p+A to A+A). Nucl. Phys. A783, 293–300 (2007). arXiv:nucl-ex/0610003

  65. B. Abelev et al., ALICE Collaboration, \(J/\psi \) suppression at forward rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}\,=\,2.76\) TeV. Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 072301 (2012). arXiv:1202.1383

  66. B. B. Abelev et al., ALICE Collaboration, Centrality, rapidity and transverse momentum dependence of \(J/\Psi \) suppression in Pb-Pb collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}\)  =  2.76 TeV. Phys. Lett. 743, 314–327 (2014). arXiv:1311.0214

  67. S. Chatrchyan et al., CMS Collaboration, Indications of suppression of excited \(\Upsilon \) states in PbPb collisions at \(\sqrt{S_{NN}}\) = 2.76 TeV. Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 052302 (2011). arXiv:1105.4894

  68. S. Chatrchyan et al., CMS Collaboration, Observation of sequential Upsilon suppression in PbPb collisions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 222301 (2012). arXiv:1208.2826

  69. A. Emerick, X. Zhao, R. Rapp, Bottomonia in the quark-gluon plasma and their production at RHIC and LHC. Eur. Phys. J. A48, 72 (2012). arXiv:1111.6537

  70. Y. Liu, N. Xu, P. Zhuang, \(J/\psi \) elliptic flow in relativistic heavy ion collisions. Nucl. Phys. A834, 317C–319C (2010). arXiv:0910.0959

  71. E. Abbas et al., ALICE Collaboration, J/\(\psi \) Elliptic Flow in Pb-Pb Collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}\) = 2.76 TeV. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 162301 (2013). arXiv:1303.5880

  72. B.B. Abelev et al., ALICE Collaboration, \(J/\psi \) production and nuclear effects in p-Pb collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}\) = 5.02 TeV. JHEP 1402, 073 (2014). arXiv:1308.6726

  73. B.B. Abelev et al., ALICE Collaboration, Suppression of \(\psi \)(2S) production in p-Pb collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}\) = 5.02 TeV. arXiv:1405.3796

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mateusz Płoskoń .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Płoskoń, M. (2015). Selected Topics from the Experiments with High-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions: Hot QCD in the Laboratory. In: Merino, C. (eds) Lectures on Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology. Springer Proceedings in Physics, vol 161. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12238-0_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics