Abstract
In this chapter, a perspective of offshore wind farms, applied concepts for fixed offshore wind turbines, and related statistics are given. One example of a large wind farm, which is successfully operating, is studied as well. Different concepts, their characteristics, advantages, and relative disadvantages are briefly discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
4C-Offshore. (2013a). WindFloat. http://www.4coffshore.com/windfarms/windfloat--phase-1-portugal-pt01.html. Accessed April 2014.
4coffshore.com. (2013b). Anholt. http://www.4coffshore.com/windfarms/anholt-denmark-dk13.html.
4coffshore.com. (2013c). http://www.4coffshore.com/. http://www.4coffshore.com/.
4coffshore.com. (2013d). Robin Rigg. http://www.4coffshore.com/windfarms/robin-rigg-united-kingdom-uk20.html.
4Coffshore.com. (2013e). Tripile support structures. http://www.4coffshore.com/windfarms/tripile-support-structures-aid272.html.
4coffshore.com. (2013f). West of Duddon Sands. http://www.4coffshore.com/windfarms/west-of-duddon-sands-united-kingdom-uk33.html.
alpha-ventus.de. (2010). Alpha ventus—the first German offshore wind farm. http://www.alpha-ventus.de/index.php?id=120.
Ballast-Nedam-Offshore. (2010). Baltic 1 offshore wind farm. http://www.bnoffshore.com/public/offshore/Documents/Baltic%201%20Offshore%20Wind%20Farm.pdf.
bard-offshore.de. (2011). BARD offshore 1. http://www.bard-offshore.de/en/projects/offshore/bard-offshore-1.html.
BBC. (2008). Wind farm’s first turbines active. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/lincolnshire/7388949.stm.
BBC. (2010). New UK offshore wind farm licences are announced. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8448203.stm.
commons.wikimedia.org. (2013). Bard offshore. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bard_Offshore_2011.JPG.
c-power.be. (2013). Welcome to C-power. http://www.c-power.be/English/welcome/algemene_info.html.
c-power.be. (n.d.). Construction of the gravity base foundation. http://www.c-power.be/construction.
dantysk.com. (2012). DanTysk offshore wind. http://www.dantysk.com/wind-farm/facts-chronology.html.
de vries, W. E., et al. (2007). Assessment of bottom-mounted support structure types. UpWind Project.
Dixon, D. (2011). Walney offshore windfarm. http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2391702.
DNV. (2010). Design of offshore wind turbine structures, DNV-OS-J101. Det Norske Veritas.
dnv.com. (2011). New design practices for offshore wind turbine structures. http://www.dnv.com/press_area/press_releases/2011/new_design_practices_offshore_wind_turbine_structures.asp.
dongenergy.com. (2009). About horns rev 2. http://www.dongenergy.com/.
eon.com. (2013). E.ON lays groundwork for Amrumbank West. http://www.eon.com/en/media/news/press-releases/2013/5/29/eon-lays-groundwork-for-amrumbank-west.html.
European-Commission-(FP6). (2011). UpWind, design limits and solutions for very large wind turbines. The sixth framework programme for research and development of the European Commission (FP6).
googl maps. (2014). https://maps.google.com/maps?q= http://tools.wmflabs.org/kmlexport/%3Farticle%3DList_of_offshore_wind_farms%26usecache%3D1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_offshore_wind_farms.
google maps. (2014). https://www.google.com/maps/@51.879865,1.94,7z. googel.com.
Greater-Gabbard-Offshore-Winds-Limited. (2007). Decommissioning programme, Greater Gabbard offshore wind farm project. 577000/403– MGT100– GGR – 107.
Honarvar, M. R., Bahaari, M. R., & Asgarian, B.. (2008). Experimental modeling of pile-leg interaction in jacket type offshore platforms cyclic inelastic behavior. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 5(11), 1448–1460.
ieawind.org. (2013). IEA Wind. http://www.ieawind.org/.
London-array-website. (2011). First foundation installed at London Array. http://www.londonarray.com/.
LORC. (2011c). Tripile—Three monopiles in one. http://www.lorc.dk/offshore-wind/foundations/tripiles.
lorc.dk. (2011). Roedsand-2. http://www.lorc.dk/offshore-wind-farms-map/roedsand-2.
ndr.de. (2013). Rösler eröffnet Offshore-Windpark Bard 1. http://www.ndr.de/regional/niedersachsen/oldenburg/offshore389.html.
offshorewind.biz. (2012a). UK: Greater Gabbard offshore wind farm generates power. http://www.offshorewind.biz/2012/09/07/uk-greater-gabbard-offshore-wind-farm-generates-power/.
offshorewind.biz. (2012b). UK: Walney offshore wind farm fully operational. http://www.offshorewind.biz/2012/06/14/uk-walney-offshore-wind-farm-fully-operational/.
offshorewind.biz. (2013). Construction Starts on EnBW Baltic 2 OWF (Germany). http://www.offshorewind.biz/2013/08/20/construction-starts-on-enbw-baltic-2-owf-germany/.
Ranveig. (2005). Oil platform Norway. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oil_platform_Norway.jpg.
renewableenergyfocus.com. (2012). Construction starts on Germany’s €1.3bn Meerwind offshore wind farm project. http://www.renewableenergyfocus.com/view/27468/construction-starts-on-germany-s-1–3bn-meerwind-offshore-wind-farm-project/.
rwe.com. (2013a). Offshore wind farm Nordsee Ost. http://www.rwe.com/web/cms/en/961656/offshore-wind-farm-nordsee-ost/.
rwe.com/. (2013b). Gwynt y Môr website. http://www.rwe.com/web/cms/en/1202906/rwe-innogy/sites/wind-offshore/under-construction/gwynt-y-mr/.
Siemens (2011). New dimensions, Siemens Wind Turbine SWT-3.6-107. Published by and copyright © 2011: Siemens AG Energy Sector Freyeslebenstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
smartmeters.com. (2013). Lincs wind farm now fully operational. http://www.smartmeters.com/the-news/renewable-energy-news/4169-lincs-wind-farm-now-fully-operational.html.
stateofgreen.com. (2013). DONG energy reaches milestone at Borkum Riffgrund 1. http://www.stateofgreen.com/en/Newsroom/DONG-Energy-Reaches-Milestone-at-Borkum-Riffgrund-1.
trianel-borkum.de. (2013). Windpark. http://www.trianel-borkum.de/de/windpark/daten-und-fakten.html.
windreich.ag. (2013). Global Tech I—Construction Progress. http://windreich.ag/en/global-tech-i-construction-progress/.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Karimirad, M. (2014). Fixed Offshore Wind Turbines. In: Offshore Energy Structures. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12175-8_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12175-8_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-12174-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-12175-8
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)