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Nanomedicine—Nanoparticles in Cancer Imaging and Therapy

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Genomic Instability and Cancer Metastasis

Part of the book series: Cancer Metastasis - Biology and Treatment ((CMBT,volume 20))

Abstract

Nanomedicine refers to the application of nanotechnology in medicine, and endeavors to diagnose, treat, and/or monitor disease on a nanoscale. Cancer nanotechnology is a quickly evolving field of interdisciplinary research that involves the biomedical application of nanoparticles, which are nanoscale devices that are able to overcome biological barriers, specifically recognize a single type of cancer cell, and accumulate preferentially in tumors. Medical applications with nanoparticles are growing, as they have the potential to offer novel methods of noninvasive cancer detection, diagnosis, and treatment. Tumor targeting ligands, such as antibodies, peptides, or small molecules, can be attached to nanoparticles for targeting of tumor antigens and vasculatures with high affinity and specificity. In addition, diagnostic agents (i.e. optical, radiolabels, or magnetic) and chemotherapeutic drugs can be integrated into their design for more efficient imaging and treatment of the tumor with fewer side effects. Recent advances in nanomedicine raise exciting possibilities for future nanoparticle applications in personalized cancer therapy.

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Abbreviations

CEST:

Chemical exchange saturation transfer

DOTA:

1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclodocecane-N, N’N’’, N’’’-tetraacetic acid

DOX:

Doxorubicin

EPR:

Enhanced permeability and retention

GRP:

Gastrin releasing peptide

HSA:

Human serum albumin

ID/g:

Injected dose per gram

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MTX:

Methotrexate

NIRF:

Near infrared fluorescence

NPs:

Nanoparticles

P-gp:

P-glycoprotein

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PET:

Positron emission tomography

PLGA:

D, L-lactide co-glycolide

PTX:

Paclitaxel

RES:

Reticuloendothelial system

RGD:

Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid

SPECT:

Single photon emission computed tomography

VAP:

Vapreotide

VEGF/R:

Vascular endothelial growth factor/receptor

AuNP:

Gold NP

CLIO:

Cross-linked Iron Oxide NPs

CNT:

Carbon nanotube

CPMV:

Cowpea mosaic virus

IONPs:

Iron oxide NPs

MnMEIO:

Manganese-doped magnetism-engineered iron oxide

PAMAM dendrimer:

Poly(amidoamine) dendrimer

QD:

Quantum Dot

SPIO:

Superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs

SWNT:

Single-walled carbon nanotube

VNP:

Viral Nanoparticle

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. London Regional Cancer Program, Cancer Research Laboratory Program, 790 Commissioners Road E, N6 A 4L6, London, ON, Canada

    Leonard G. Luyt

  2. Departments of Oncology, Chemistry, and Medical Imaging, The University of Western Ontario, N6A 5C1, London, ON, Canada

    Leonard G. Luyt

  3. Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, N6A 5C1, London, ON, Canada

    Alexandra M. N. Hauser-Kawaguchi

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  1. Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Pediatrics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    Chris Maxwell

  2. Dept of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Dept. of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    Cal Roskelley

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Hauser-Kawaguchi, A., Luyt, L. (2015). Nanomedicine—Nanoparticles in Cancer Imaging and Therapy. In: Maxwell, C., Roskelley, C. (eds) Genomic Instability and Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Metastasis - Biology and Treatment, vol 20. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12136-9_10

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