Abstract
The paper outlines the CCS policy in the EU and discusses its implementation. The European institutions established CCS as a key element in the package of policies aiming to realize climate change mitigation targets set by the EU. While the EU has developed a range of policies to support the development and deployment of CCS, their implementation in the member states faces obstacles. Some European countries question whether CCS should be deployed as a climate change mitigation option. For those member states which endorse CCS, the key difficulty that is yet to be overcome on the way to the commercial deployment is a development of the long-term incentives that would create a business case for CCS.
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Notes
- 1.
If international agreement is reached on climate change mitigation after 2012, the target will be increased to 30 % (European Commission 2007a).
- 2.
Cf. Chap. 14 by Hake and Schenk on international collaboration.
- 3.
The climate and energy package of the European Commission comprises the following documents: (i) proposal for updating the emissions trading system, (ii) decision on ‘burden sharing’ for those sectors that do not fall under the European emissions trading system, (iii) a proposal for a directive to increase the share of renewable energy, (iv) a proposal for the directive governing the geological storage of carbon dioxide (European Commission 2008b).
- 4.
European Union Emissions Trading System – EU ETS.
- 5.
The new entrants’ reserve (NER) is a small proportion of emission allowances in every national allocation plan (NAP) reserved specifically for new market participants.
- 6.
For a detailed description of the negotiation processes in connection with NER300 in the European Parliament and in the EU Council, see Claes and Frisvold (2009).
- 7.
For a list of European R&D and demonstration programmes in the area of coal from the early 1970s to the late 1990s, see Ishihara et al. (1999).
- 8.
Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development.
- 9.
FENCO – Fossil Energy Coalition; see www.fenco-era.net
- 10.
For more information on how interests are mediated between the Commission and the technology platform ZEP, see Schenk (2013).
- 11.
European Energy Programme for Recovery.
- 12.
For more information, see www.ccsnetwork.eu
- 13.
Membership of the network is open to European demonstration projects that fulfil the criteria of a CCS demonstration project and that are committed to sharing knowledge.
- 14.
The relevant costs are investment costs incurred because of the application of CCS. For a definition, see European Commission (2010).
- 15.
At the time when this chapter was written, no decision had yet been made. For more on the decision at the end of 2012, see Kuckshinrichs and Markewitz, Chap. 15.
- 16.
Cf. video footage of the ETP ZEP General Assembly 2011 (ZEP 2011d).
- 17.
The European technology platform ZEP predicts that an EU ETS allowance price of € 35 would make CCS application competitive for coal-fired power plants (ZEP 2011c).
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Schenk, O., Hake, JF. (2015). CCS Policy in the EU: Will It Pay Off or Do We Have to Go Back to Square One?. In: Kuckshinrichs, W., Hake, JF. (eds) Carbon Capture, Storage and Use. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11943-4_13
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