Skip to main content

Three Cases of Feature-Based Variability Modeling in Industry

  • Conference paper

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNPSE,volume 8767))

Abstract

Large software product lines need to manage complex variability. A common approach is variability modeling—creating and maintaining models that abstract over the variabilities inherent in such systems. While many variability modeling techniques and notations have been proposed, little is known about industrial practices and how industry values or criticizes this class of modeling. We attempt to address this gap with an exploratory case study of three companies that apply variability modeling. Among others, our study shows that variability models are valued for their capability to organize knowledge and to achieve an overview understanding of codebases. We observe centralized model governance, pragmatic versioning, and surprisingly little constraint modeling, indicating that the effort of declaring and maintaining constraints does not always pay off.

Partially supported by ARTEMIS JU (grant n°295397)

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Product Line Hall of Fame, http://www.splc.net/fame.html (accessed March 2014)

  2. TeamCenter, http://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/en_us/products/teamcenter/ (accessed July 2014)

  3. Bednasch, T.: Konzept und Implementierung eines konfigurierbaren Metamodells für die Merkmalmodellierung. Master’s thesis, Fachhochschule Kaiserslautern (October 2002)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Berger, T., Pfeiffer, R.H., Tartler, R., Dienst, S., Czarnecki, K., Wasowski, A., She, S.: Variability mechanisms in software ecosystems. Information and Software Technology (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Berger, T., Rublack, R., Nair, D., Atlee, J.M., Becker, M., Czarnecki, K., Wąsowski, A.: A survey of variability modeling in industrial practice. In: VaMoS (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Berger, T., She, S., Lotufo, R., Wasowski, A., Czarnecki, K.: A study of variability models and languages in the systems software domain. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 39(12) (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Berger, T., She, S., Lotufo, R., Wąsowski, A., Czarnecki, K.: Variability modeling in the real: A perspective from the operating systems domain. In: ASE 2010 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Beuche, D.: Pure::variants Eclipse Plugin, user Guide. pure-systems GmbH (2004), http://web.pure-systems.com/fileadmin/downloads/pv_userguide.pdf

  9. Chen, L., Ali Babar, M.: A survey of scalability aspects of variability modeling approaches. In: SCALE (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Chen, L., Ali Babar, M., Ali, N.: Variability management in software product lines: A systematic review. In: SPLC (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Chen, L., Ali Babar, M., Cawley, C.: A status report on the evaluation of variability management approaches. In: EASE (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Clements, P., Northrop, L.: Software Product Lines: Practices and Patterns. Addison-Wesley (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Czarnecki, K., Grünbacher, P., Rabiser, R., Schmid, K., Wąsowski, A.: Cool features and tough decisions: A comparison of variability modeling approaches. In: VAMOS (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Czarnecki, K., Eisenecker, U.W.: Generative Programming: Methods, Tools, and Applications. Addison-Wesley, Boston (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Czarnecki, K., Helsen, S., Eisenecker, U.: Formalizing cardinality-based feature models and their specialization. Software Process Improvement and Practice 10(1) (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Dhungana, D., Grünbacher, P.: Understanding decision-oriented variability modelling. In: ASPL (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Eisenhardt, K.M., Graebner, M.E.: Theory building from cases: Opportunities and challenges. Academy of Management Journal 50(1), 25–32 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Gheyi, R., Massoni, T., Borba, P.: Automatically checking feature model refactorings. The Journal of Universal Computer Science 17(5), 684–711 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Gillan, C., Kilpatrick, P., Spence, I., Brown, T., Bashroush, R., Gawley, R., et al.: Challenges in the application of feature modelling in fixed line telecommunications. In: VaMoS (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Glaser, B., Strauss, A.: The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine de Gruyter (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Grünbacher, P., Rabiser, R., Dhungana, D., Lehofer, M.: Model-based customization and deployment of Eclipse-based tools: Industrial experiences. In: ASE 2009 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Hubaux, A., Classen, A., Mendonça, M., Heymans, P.: A preliminary review on the application of feature diagrams in practice. In: VaMoS 2010 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Hubaux, A., Xiong, Y., Czarnecki, K.: A user survey of configuration challenges in linux and ecos. In: VaMoS (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Hutchinson, J., Rouncefield, M., Whittle, J.: Model-driven engineering practices in industry. In: ICSE (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Hutchinson, J., Whittle, J., Rouncefield, M., Kristoffersen, S.: Empirical assessment of mde in industry. In: ICSE (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Kang, K., Cohen, S., Hess, J., Nowak, W., Peterson, S.: Feature-oriented domain analysis (FODA) feasibility study. Tech. Rep. CMU/SEI-90-TR-21, Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA (November 1990)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Krueger, C.W.: Easing the transition to software mass customization. In: van der Linden, F.J. (ed.) PFE-4 2001. LNCS, vol. 2290, pp. 282–293. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  28. van der Linden, F.J., Schmid, K., Rommes, E.: Software Product Lines in Action: The Best Industrial Practice in Product Line Engineering. Springer (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Loesch, F., Ploedereder, E.: Optimization of variability in software product lines. In: SPLC (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Nadi, S., Berger, T., Kästner, C., Czarnecki, K.: Mining configuration constraints: Static analyses and empirical results. In: ICSE (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Passos, L., Novakovic, M., Xiong, Y., Berger, T., Czarnecki, K., Wasowski, A.: A study of non-boolean constraints in variability models of an embedded operating system. In: FOSD (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Pohl, K., Böckle, G., Van Der Linden, F.: Software product line engineering: foundations, principles, and techniques. Springer-Verlag New York Inc. (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Reiser, M., Tavakoli, R., Weber, M.: Unified feature modeling as a basis for managing complex system families. In: VaMoS (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Riebisch, M., Streitferdt, D., Pashov, I.: Modeling variability for object-oriented product lines. In: Buschmann, F., Buchmann, A.P., Cilia, M.A. (eds.) ECOOP 2003 Workshop Reader. LNCS, vol. 3013, pp. 165–178. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Schmid, K., Rabiser, R., Grünbacher, P.: A comparison of decision modeling approaches in product lines. In: VaMoS (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  36. She, S., Lotufo, R., Berger, T., Wąsowski, A., Czarnecki, K.: Reverse engineering feature models. In: ICSE (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Software Engineering Institute: Catalog of software product lines, http://www.sei.cmu.edu/productlines/casestudies/catalog/index.cfm

  38. Steger, M., Tischer, C., Boss, B., Müller, A., Pertler, O., Stolz, W., Ferber, S.: Introducing PLA at bosch gasoline systems: Experiences and practices. In: Nord, R.L. (ed.) SPLC 2004. LNCS, vol. 3154, pp. 34–50. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  39. Sugumaran, V., Park, S., Kang, K.C.: Software product line engineering. Communications of the ACM 49(12), 29–32 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Berger, T., Nair, D., Rublack, R., Atlee, J.M., Czarnecki, K., Wąsowski, A. (2014). Three Cases of Feature-Based Variability Modeling in Industry. In: Dingel, J., Schulte, W., Ramos, I., Abrahão, S., Insfran, E. (eds) Model-Driven Engineering Languages and Systems. MODELS 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8767. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11653-2_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11653-2_19

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-11652-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-11653-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics