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Characterization of the Phenotypic Features, Immuno-modulatory Properties and Therapeutic Potentials of Wharton’s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

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Cellular Therapy for Stroke and CNS Injuries

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Translational Stroke Research ((SSTSR))

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Abstract

The Wharton’s jelly (WJ) of the umbilical cord has been identified as a rich source of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are considered as promising candidates for stem cell-based therapy to treat several diseases. In particular, MSCs harvested from the “young” WJ are believed to be more proliferative, immunosuppressive and therapeutically active stem cells than those derived from adult tissues, such as the bone marrow or adipose. MSCs derived from WJ also exhibit transplantable features such as ease of sourcing, in vitro expandability, differentiation capacities, immune-evasion and immune-regulation profiles. Indeed, the potentiality of WJ-derived stem cells to treat cancer, cardiovascular and liver diseases, and nerve and cartilage tendon injuries has been suggested. In this paper, we present an overview of the phenotypic characteristics, immune-modulatory properties and therapeutic potentials of WJ-derived stem cells, and suggest optimization protocols for successful advancement of WJ-derived stem cells into clinical use.

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Abbreviations

AFP:

Alpha-fetoprotein

BDNF:

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

bFGF:

Basic fibroblast growth factor

BM-MSCs:

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells

cAMP:

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

CD:

Cluster differentiation

CDKN:

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor

CFU-F:

Colony-forming unit-fibroblast

CL-MSCs:

Cord lining mesenchymal stem cells

COMP:

Cartilage oligomeric protein

CXCR:

C-X-C chemokine receptor

DCs:

Dendritic precursors

ESCs:

Embryonic stem cells

HIE:

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

HIFs :

hypoxia inducible factors

hiPSCs :

human induced pluripotent stem cells

HLA:

Human leukocyte antigen

HSCs:

Hematopoietic stem cells

HUCPVCs:

Human umbilical cord perivascular cells

HUVECs:

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells

IFN-γ:

Interferon gamma

IL:

Interleukin

iPSC:

Induced pluripotent stem cell

IV:

Intravenous

IVF:

In vitro fertilization

KDR:

Kinase insert domain receptor

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

MI:

Myocardial infaction

MSCs:

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells

NGF:

Nerve growth factor

NMII:

Non-muscle myosin II

NP:

Nucleus pulposus

PDGF:

Platelet-derived growth factor

PHA:

Phytohemagglutinin

PLLA:

Poly-L-lactic-acid

SCID:

Severe combined immunodeficiency

SMA:

Smooth muscle actin

SPIO:

Superparamagnetic iron oxide particles

SSEA4:

Stage-specific embryonic antigen 4

TERT:

Telomerase reverse transcriptase

TGF- β:

Transforming growth factor- beta

UC:

Umbilical cord

UCMSCs:

Umbilical cord matrix stem cells

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

WJ:

Wharton’s jelly

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. MDC 78, 33612, Tampa, FL, USA

    Ike dela Peña, Marina Bastawrous, Diego Lozano, Daniela Aguirre, Diana Hernandez, Sandra Acosta, Mibel Pabon, Naoki Tajiri, Yuji Kaneko & Cesar V. Borlongan

Authors
  1. Ike dela Peña
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  2. Marina Bastawrous
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  3. Diego Lozano
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  4. Daniela Aguirre
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  5. Diana Hernandez
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  6. Sandra Acosta
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  7. Mibel Pabon
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  8. Naoki Tajiri
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  9. Yuji Kaneko
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  10. Cesar V. Borlongan
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cesar V. Borlongan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, SUNY Upstate Medical College, Syracuse, New York, USA

    Li-Ru Zhao

  2. Loma Linda University School of Medicine Depts of Physiology, Loma Linda, California, USA

    John H. Zhang

Conclusions

Conclusions

While we have provided insights on the phenotypic markers and therapeutic potentials of stem cells derived from the Wharton’s Jelly , we have also discussed knowledge gap on the biological properties of these cells and the important issues that need to be addressed with regard to their translational application. In order to render WJ applicable for cell-based therapy, further investigations are warranted to determine their advantages and limitations, and also to design optimal transplantation regimens required for specific diseases.

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dela Peña, I. et al. (2015). Characterization of the Phenotypic Features, Immuno-modulatory Properties and Therapeutic Potentials of Wharton’s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. In: Zhao, LR., Zhang, J. (eds) Cellular Therapy for Stroke and CNS Injuries. Springer Series in Translational Stroke Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11481-1_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11481-1_14

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-11480-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-11481-1

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