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Biochemical Roles of Eukaryotic Cell Surface Macromolecules pp 17–25Cite as

Structural Changes of GPI Anchor After Its Attachment to Proteins: Functional Significance

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 842))

Abstract

One hundred and fifty or more of human proteins are anchored to the outer leaflet of plasma membrane by a glycolipid, termed glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI). While GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) have wide range of functions, they share two unique characteristics due to the common membrane-anchors. One is that GPI-APs are mainly associated with membrane microdomains so called membrane rafts. Recent reports demonstrated that GPI-APs exist as homodimers and that homodimerization is important for their raft association. Another characteristic of GPI-APs is release from the cell surface after cleavage by GPI-cleaving enzymes. Preassembled GPI is transferred en bloc by GPI transamidase to the C-terminus of proteins having a C-terminal GPI-attachment signal peptide. A unique feature of GPI-anchor is that GPI structure is dynamically modified during transport to the cell surface. Structural remodeling of lipid and glycan moieties in the endoplasmic reticulum is critical for efficient recruitment of GPI-APs into ER-exit site and association with their cargo receptors. Fatty acid remodeling of GPI in the Golgi is important for homodimerization and raft association. These structure–function relationships will be discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center and Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan

    Taroh Kinoshita

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  1. Taroh Kinoshita
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Correspondence to Taroh Kinoshita .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India

    Abhijit Chakrabarti

  2. Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India

    Avadhesha Surolia

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Kinoshita, T. (2015). Structural Changes of GPI Anchor After Its Attachment to Proteins: Functional Significance. In: Chakrabarti, A., Surolia, A. (eds) Biochemical Roles of Eukaryotic Cell Surface Macromolecules. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 842. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11280-0_2

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