Skip to main content

Formulating Dynamic Agents’ Operational State via Situation Awareness Assessment

  • Conference paper

Part of the book series: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing ((AISC,volume 320))

Abstract

Managing autonomy in a dynamic interactive system that contains a mix of human and software agent intelligence is a challenging task. In such systems, giving an agent a complete control over its autonomy is a risky practice while manually setting the agent’s autonomy level is an inefficient approach. This paper addresses this issue via formulating a Situation Awareness Assessment (SAA) technique to assist in determining an appropriate agents’ operational state. We propose four operational states of agents’ execution cycles; proceed, halt, block and terminate, each of which is determined based on the agents’ performance. We apply the SAA technique in a proposed Layered Adjustable Autonomy (LAA) model. The LAA conceptualizes autonomy as a spectrum and is constructed in a layered structure. The SAA and the LAA notions are applicable to humans’ and agents’ collaborative environment. We provide an experimental scenario to test and validate the proposed notions in a real-time application.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Anderson, J., Evans, M.: Supporting Flexible Autonomy in a Simulation Environment for Intelligent Agent Designs. In: Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Conference on AI, Simulation, and Planning in High Autonomy Systems, pp. 60–66. IEEE Press, Tucson (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Evans, M., Anderson, J., Crysdale, G.: Achieving Flexible Autonomy in Multi-Agent Systems using Constraints. Applied Artificial Intelligence: An International Journal 6, 103–126 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Johnson, M., Bradshaw, J.M., Feltovich, P.J., Jonker, C., van Riemsdijk, B., Sierhuis, M.: Autonomy and Interdependence in Human-agent-robot Teams. IEEE Intelligent Systems 27(2), 43–51 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Sellner, B., Heger, F., Hiatt, L., Simmons, R., Singh, S.: Coordinated Multi-agent Teams and Sliding Autonomy for Large-scale Assembly. Proceeding of the IEEE 94(7), 1425–1444 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Bradshaw, J.M., Feltovich, P.J., Jung, H., Kulkarni, S., Taysom, W., Uszok, A.: Dimensions of Adjustable Autonomy and Mixed-Initiative Interaction. In: Nickles, M., Rovatsos, M., Weiss, G. (eds.) AUTONOMY 2003. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2969, pp. 17–39. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Brookshire, J., Singh, S., Simmons, R.: Preliminary Results in Sliding Autonomy for Coordinated Teams. In: Proceedings of the AAAI 2004 Spring Symposium, CA (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Roehr, T.M., Shi, Y.: Using a Self-confidence Measure for a System-initiated Switch between Autonomy Modes. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics and Automation in Space, Sapporo, Japan, pp. 507–514 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Mercier, S., Tessier, C., Dehais, F.: Adaptive Autonomy for a Human-Robot Architecture. In: 3rd National Conference on Control Architectures of Robots, Bourges (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Mostafa, S.A., Ahmad, M.S., Annamalai, M., Ahmad, A., Gunasekaran, S.S.: A Dynamically Adjustable Autonomic Agent Framework. In: Rocha, Á., Correia, A.M., Wilson, T., Stroetmann, K.A. (eds.) Advances in Information Systems and Technologies. AISC, vol. 206, pp. 631–642. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. Mostafa, S.A., Ahmad, M.S., Annamalai, M., Ahmad, A., Gunasekaran, S.S.: A Conceptual Model of Layered Adjustable Autonomy. In: Rocha, Á., Correia, A.M., Wilson, T., Stroetmann, K.A. (eds.) Advances in Information Systems and Technologies. AISC, vol. 206, pp. 619–630. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  11. Mostafa, S.A., Ahmad, M.S., Annamalai, M., Ahmad, A., Basheer, G.S.: A Layered Adjustable Autonomy Approach for Dynamic Autonomy Distribution. In: 7th International KES Conference on Agents and Multi-agent Systems Technologies and Applications (KES-AMSTA), vol. 252, pp. 335–345. IOS Press, Hue City (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Mostafa, S.A., Ahmad, M.S., Ahmad, A., Annamalai, M., Mustapha, A.: A Dynamic Measurement of Agent Autonomy in the Layered Adjustable Autonomy Model. In: Badica, A., Trawinski, B., Nguyen, N.T. (eds.) Recent Developments in Computational Collective Intelligence. SCI, vol. 513, pp. 25–35. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  13. Kapitan, T.: Autonomy and manipulated freedom. Noûs 34(s14), 81–103 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Bindiganavale, R., Schuler, W., Allbeck, J.M., Badler, N.I., Joshi, A.K., Palmer, M.: Dynamically altering agent behaviors using natural language instructions. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Autonomous Agents, pp. 293–300. ACM (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Sierra, A.P.D.P.C., Schorlemmer, M.: Friends no more: Norm enforcement in multi-agent systems (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Endsley, M.R.: Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT). In: Aerospace and Electronics Conference, NAECON 1988, Proceedings of the IEEE 1988 National, pp. 789–795. IEEE Press (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Lili, Y., Rubo, Z., Hengwen, G.: Situation Reasoning for an Adjustable Autonomy System. International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 5(2), 226–238 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  18. Endsley, M.R., Connors, E.S.: Situation Awareness: State of the Art. In: 2008 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting-Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century, pp. 1–4. IEEE Press, Pittsburgh (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  19. Mostafa, S.A., Ahmad, M.S., Tang, A.Y.C., Ahmad, A., Annamalai, M., Mustapha, A.: Agent’s Autonomy Adjustment via Situation Awareness. In: Nguyen, N.T., Attachoo, B., Trawiński, B., Somboonviwat, K. (eds.) ACIIDS 2014, Part I. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 8397, pp. 443–453. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  20. Mostafa, S.A., Ahmad, M.S., Ahmad, A., Annamalai, M.: Formulating Situation Awareness for Multi-agent Systems. In: Advanced Computer Science Applications and Technologies (ACSAT), pp. 48–53. IEEE Press, Kuching (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Mostafa, S.A., Gunasekaran, S.S., Ahmad, M.S., Ahmad, A., Annamalai, M., Mustapha, A.: Defining Tasks and Actions Complexity-levels via Their Deliberation Intensity Measures in the Layered Adjustable Autonomy Model. In: The 10th International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE 2014). IEEE Press, Shanghai (2014)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Salama A. Mostafa .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Mostafa, S.A., Ahmad, M.S., Annamalai, M., Ahmad, A., Gunasekaran, S.S. (2015). Formulating Dynamic Agents’ Operational State via Situation Awareness Assessment. In: El-Alfy, ES., Thampi, S., Takagi, H., Piramuthu, S., Hanne, T. (eds) Advances in Intelligent Informatics. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 320. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11218-3_49

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11218-3_49

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-11217-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-11218-3

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics