Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Endoscopy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease pp 31–53Cite as

Ultrasound

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 1508 Accesses

Abstract

The management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) requires evaluation with objective tools, both at the time of diagnosis and throughout the course of the disease, to determine the location, extension, activity and severity of inflammatory lesions, as well as, the development of complications. Bowel ultrasound—which is well accepted by patients, non-invasive inexpensive and widely accessible—has been successfully employed as the imaging technique of choice in screening patients with clinically suspected IBD as well as in the follow-up of patients with known Crohn’s disease to assess the site and extent of the lesions, early detection of intraabdominal complications, and recurrence in those submitted to resective surgery. Despite several attempts to correlate ultrasound findings with clinical and biochemical activity, there are as yet no convincing data on the usefulness of ultrasound in assessing the activity of Crohn’s disease.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Van Assche G, Dignass A, Panes J, et al. The second European evidence-based consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn’s disease: definitions and diagnosis. J Crohns Colitis. 2010;4:7–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Goldberg HI, Caruthers SB, Nelson JA, Singleton JW. Radiographic findings of the national cooperative Crohn’s disease study. Gastroenterology. 1979;77:925–37.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Podolsky DK. Inflammatory bowel disese. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:928–37.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Loftus EV, Schoenfeld P, Sandborn WJ. The epidemiology and natural history of Crohn’s disease in population-based patient cohorts from North America: a systematic review. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2002;16:51–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Sauer CG, Kugathasan S. Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: highlighting pediatric differences in IBD. Med Clin North Am. 2010;94:35–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Ott DJ, Chen VM, Gelfand DW, Van Swearingen F, Munitz HA. Detailed per-oral small bowel examination vs entereroclysis. Radiology. 1985;155:29–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Toms AP, Barltrop A, Freeman AH. A prospective randomised study comparing enteroclysis with small bowel follow-trough examinations in 244 patients. Eur Radiol. 2001;11:1155–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Hara AK, Leighton JA, Sharma VK, Fleischer DE. Small bowel: preliminary comparison of capsule endoscopy with barium study and CT. Radiology. 2004;230:260–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. ACR appropriateness criteria: Crohn disease. Available from: http://guideline.gov/content.aspx?id=35137. Accessed 16 Apr 2013.

  10. Kroeker KI, Lam S, Birchall I, Fedorak RN. Patients with IBD are exposed to high levels of ionizing radiation through CT scan diagnostic imaging: a five-year study. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2011;45:34–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Sauer CG. Radiation exposure in children with inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2012;24:621–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Desmond AN, O’Regan K, Curran C, et al. Crohn’s disease: factors associated with exposure to high levels of diagnostic radiation. Gut. 2008;57:1524–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Joanna M, Peloquin JM, Pardi DS, et al. Diagnostic ionizing radiation exposure in a population-based cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103:2015–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Valette PJ, Rioux M, Pilleul F, et al. Ultrasonography of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. Eur Radiol. 2001;11:1859–66.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Maconi G, Radice E, Greco S, Bianchi PG. Bowel ultrasound in Crohn’s disease. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2006;20:93–112.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Di Nardo G, Aloi M, Oliva S, Civitelli F, Casciani E, Cucchiara S. Investigation of small bowel in pediatric Crohn’s disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2012;18:1760–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Pallotta N, Tomei E, Viscido A, Calabrese E, Marcheggiano A, Caprilli R, et al. Small intestine contrast ultrasonography: an alternative to radiology in the assessment of small bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2005;11:146–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Pallotta N, Baccini F, Corazziari E. Ultrasonography of the small bowel after oral administration of anechoich contrast solution. Lancet. 1999;353:985–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Pallotta N, Baccini F, Corazziari E. Contrast ultrasonography of the normal small bowel. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1999;25:1335–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Pallotta N, Baccini F, Corazziari E. Small intestine contrast ultrasonography (SICUS) in the diagnosis of small intestine lesions. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2001;27:335–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Di Sabatino A, Fulle I, Ciccocioppo R, et al. Doppler enhancement after intravenous levovist injection in Crohn’s disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2002;8:251–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Schlottmann K, Kratzer W, Scholmerich J. Doppler ultrasound and intravenous contrast agents in gastrointestinal tract disorders: current role and future implications. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;17:263–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Drews BH, Barth TF, Hanle MM, et al. Comparison of sonographically measured bowel wall vascularity, histology, and disease activity in Crohn’s disease. Eur Radiol. 2009;19:1379–86.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Nylund K, Hausken T, Gilja OH. Ultrasound and inflammatory bowel disease. Ultrasound Q. 2010;26:3–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Holt S, Samuel E. Grey scale ultrasound in Crohn’s disease. Gut. 1979;20:590–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Parente F, Greco S, Molteni M, Anderloni A, Maconi G, Bianchi PG. Modern imaging of Crohn’s disease using bowel ultrasound. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2004;10:452–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Fraquelli M, Colli A, Casazza G, Paggi S, Colucci A, Massironi S, et al. Role of US in detection of Crohn disease: meta-analysis. Radiology. 2005;236:95–101.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Pallotta N, Civitelli F, Di Nardo G, Vincoli G, Aloi M, Viola F, Capocaccia P, Corazziari E, Cucchiara S. Small intestine contrast ultrasonography in pediatric Crohn’s disease. J Pediatr. 2013;163:778–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Pallotta N, Vincoli G, Montesani C, Chirletti P, Pronio A, Caronna R, Ciccantelli B, Romeo E, Marcheggiano A, Corazziari E. Small intestine contrast ultrasonography (SICUS) for the detection of small bowel complications in Crohn’s disease: a prospective comparative study versus intraoperative findings. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2012;18:74–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Cittadini G, Giasotto V, Garlaschi G, de Cicco E, Gallo A, Cittadini G. Transabdominal ultrasonography of the small bowel after oral administration of a non-absorbable anechoic solution: comparison with barium enteroclysis. Clin Radiol. 2001;56:225–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Folvik G, Bjerke-Larssen T, Odegaard S, Hausken T, Gilja H, Berstad A. Hydrosonography of the small intestine: comparison with radiologic barium study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1999;34:1247–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Parente F, Greco S, Molteni M, Anderloni A, Sampietro GM, Danelli PG, et al. Oral contrast enhanced bowel ultrasonography in the assessment of small intestine Crohn’s disease. A prospective comparison with conventional ultrasound, x-ray studies, and ileocolonoscopy. Gut. 2004;53:1652–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Parente F, Greco S, Molteni M, Cucino C, Maconi G, Sampietro GM, Danelli PG, Cristalli M, Bianco R, Gallus S, Bianchi PG. Role of the early ultrasound in detecting inflammatory intestinal disorders and identifying their anatomical location within the bowel. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003;18:1009–16.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Limberg B. Hydrocolonic ultrasonography. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:1581.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Parente F, Maconi G, Bollani S, Anderloni A, Sampietro G, Cristaldi M, Franceschelli N, Bianco R, Taschieri AM, Bianchi PG. Bowel ultrasound in assessment of Crohn’s disease and detection of related small bowel strictures: a prospective comparative study versus x ray and intraoperative findings. Gut. 2002;50:490–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Pedersen Hojlund B, Gronvall S, Dorph S, Fahrenkrug L, Holm HH, Binder V. The value of dynamic ultrasound scanning in Crohn’s disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1986;21:969–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Lim Hoon J, Tae Ko Y, Lee Ho D, Lim Won J, Kim Hoon T. Sonography of inflammatory bowel disease: findings and value in differential diagnosis. Am J Roentgenol. 1994;163:343–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Sostegni R, Daperno M, Scaglione N et al. Crohn’s disease: monitoring disease activity. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003;17 (Suppl 2): 11–17.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Yoshida EM. The Crohn’s disease activity index, its derivatives and the inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire: a review of instruments to assess Crohn’s disease. Can J Gastroenterol. 1999;13:65–73.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Maconi G, Parente F, Bollani S, Cesana B, Bianchi PG. Abdominal ultrasound in the assessment of extent and activity of Crohn’s disease: clinical significance and implication of bowel wall thickening. Am J Gastroenterol. 1996;91:1604–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Futagami Y, Haruma K, Hata J, Fujimura J, Tani H, Okamoto E, et al. Development and validation of an ultrasonographic activity index of Crohn’s disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1999;11:1007–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Martinez MJ, Ripolles T, Paredes JM, Blanc E, Marti-Bonmati L. Assessment of the extension and the inflammatory activity in Crohn’s disease: comparison of ultrasound and MRI. Abdom Imaging. 2009;34:141–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Hatoum OA, Miura H, Binion DG. The vascular contribution in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2003;285:H1791–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Ripolles T, Martinez MJ, Paredes JM, et al. Crohn disease: correlation of findings at contrast-enhanced US with severity at endoscopy. Radiology. 2009;253:241–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Girlich C, Jung EM, Iesalnieks I, et al. Quantitative assessment of bowel wall vascularisation in Crohn’s disease with contrast-enhanced ultrasound and perfusion analysis. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2009;43:141–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Kratzer W, Schmidt SA, Mittrach C, et al. Contrast-enhanced wideband harmonic imaging ultrasound (SonoVue): a new technique for quantifying bowel wall vascularity in Crohn’s disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2005;40:985–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Quaia E, Migaleddu V, Baratella E, et al. The diagnostic value of small bowel wall vascularity after sulfur hexafluoride-filled microbubble injection in patients with Crohn’s disease. Correlation with the therapeutic effectiveness of specific anti-inflammatory treatment. Eur J Radiol. 2009;69:438–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Migaleddu V, Quaia E, Scanu D, et al. Inflammatory activity in Crohn’s disease: CE-US. Abdom Imaging. 2011;36:142–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Wong DD, Forbes GM, Zelesco M, Mason R, Pawlik J, Mendelson RM. Crohn’s disease activity: quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound assessment. Abdom Imaging. 2012;37:369–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Maconi G, Sampietro GM, Parente F, et al. Contrast radiology, computed tomography and ultrasonography in detecting internal fistulas and intra-abdominal abscesses in Crohn’s disease: a prospective comparative study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98:1545–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Chiorean MV, Sandrasegaran K, Saxena R, et al. Correlation of CT enteroclysis with surgical pathology in Crohn’s disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:2541–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Maglinte DD, Siegelman ES, Kelvin FM. MR enteroclysis: the future of small-bowel imaging? Radiology. 2000;215:639–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Roses RE, Rombeau JL. Recent trends in the surgical management of inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2008;21:408–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Cosnes J, Cattan S, Blain A, Beaugerie L, Carbonnel F, Parc R, Gendre JP. Long-term evolution of disease behavior of Crohn’s disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2002;8:244–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Otterson MF, Lundeen SJ, Spinelli KS, et al. Radiographic underestimation of small bowel stricturing Crohn’s disease: a comparison with surgical findings. Surgery. 2004;136:854–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Maconi G, Bollani S, Bianchi PG. US detection of intestinal complications in Crohn’s disease. Dig Dis Sci. 1996;41:1643–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Gasche C, Moser G, Turetschek K, et al. Transabdominal bowel sonography for detection of intestinal complication in Crohn’s disease. Gut. 1999;44:112–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Maconi G, Carsana L, Fociani P, et al. Small bowel stenosis in Crohn’s disease: clinical, biochemical and US evaluation of histological features. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003;18:749–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Di Sabatino A, Ciccocioppo R, Armellini E, et al. Serum bFGF and VEGF correlate respectively with bowel wall thickness and intramural blood flow in Crohn’s disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2004;10:573–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Kratzer W, von Tirpitz C, Mason R, et al. Contrast-enhanced power Doppler sonography of the intestinal wall in the differentiation of hypervascularized and hypovascularized intestinal obstructions in patients with Crohn’s disease. J Ultrasound Med. 2002;21:149–57.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Migaleddu V, Scanu AM, Quaia E, Rocca PC, Dore MP, Scanu D, et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic evaluation of inflammatory activity in Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology. 2009;137:43–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Bruining DH, Siddiki HA, Fletcher JG, Tremaine WJ, Sandborn WJ, Loftus EV. Prevalence of penetrating disease and extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn’s disease detected with CT enterography. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2008;14:1701–06.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Michelassi F, Stella M, Balestracci T, et al. Incidence, diagnosis, and treatment of enteric and colorectal fistulae in patients with Crohn’s disease. Ann Surg. 1993;218:660–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Maconi G, Sampietro GM, Russo A, et al. The vascularity of internal fistulae in Crohn’s disease: an in vivo power Doppler ultrasonography assessment. Gut. 2002;50:496–500.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Maconi G, Parente F, Bianchi PG. Hydrogen peroxide enhanced ultrasound-fistulography in the assessment of enterocutaneous fistulas complicating Crohn’s disease. Gut. 1999;45:874–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Kohn A, Cerro P, Milite G, et al. Prospective evaluation of transabdominal bowel sonography in the diagnosis of intestinal obstruction in Crohn’s disease: comparison with plain abdominal film and small bowel enteroclysis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 1999;5:153–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Sheehan AL, Warren BF, Gear MW, et al. Fat-wrapping in Crohn’s disease: pathological basis and relevance to surgical practice. Br J Surg. 1992;79:955–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Maconi G, Greco S, Duca P, et al. Prevalence and clinical significance of sonographic evidence of mesenteric fat alterations in Crohn’s disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2008;14:1555–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Rutgeerts P, Geboes K, Vantrappen G, Beyls J, Kerremans R, Hiele M. Predictability of the postoperative course of Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology. 1990;99:956–63.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Olaison G, Smedh K, Sjodahl R. Natural course of Crohn’s disease after ileo-colic resection: endoscopically visualised ileal ulcers preceeding symptoms. Gut. 1992;33:331–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Cottone M, Orlando A, Viscido A, Calbrese E, Cammà C, Casa A. Review article: prevention of postsurgical relapse and recurrence in Crohn’s disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003;17(2):38–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Belsy J, Epstein O, Heresbach D. Systematic review:oral bowel preparation for colonoscopy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;25:373–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Patak MA, Froehlich JM, Weymarn C, Ritz MA, Zollikofer CL, Wentz KU. Non-invasive distension of the small bowel for magnetic resonance imaging. Lancet. 2001;258:987–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Rispo A, Bucci L, Pesce G, Sabbatini F, De Palma GD, Grassia R, Compagna A, Testa A, Castiglione F. Bowel sonography for the diagnosis and grading of postsurgical recurrence of Crohn’s disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2006;12:486–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Castiglione F, Bucci L, Pesce G, De Palma GD, Camera L, Cipolletta F, Testa A, Diaferia M, Rispo A. Oral Contrast-enhanced sonography for the diagnosis and grading of postsurgical recurrence of Crohn’s disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2008;14:1240–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Calabrese E, Petruzziello C, Onali S, Condino G, Zorzi F, Pallone F, Biancone L. Severity of postoperative recurrence in Crohn’s disease: correlation between endoscopic and sonographic findings. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2009;30.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Pallotta N, Giovannone M, Pezzotti P, Gigliozzi A, Barberani F, Piacentino D, Hassan NA, Vincoli G, Tosoni M, Covotta A, Marcheggiano A, Di Camillo M, Corazziari E. Ultrasonographic detection and assessment of the severity of Crohn’s disease recurrence after ileal resection. BMC Gastroenterol. 2010;10:69.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Ordas I, Rimola J, Rodriguez S, Gallego M, Ricart E, Panes J. Imaging of the colon in inflammatory bowel disease: ready for prime time? Curr Drug Targets. 2012;13:1252–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Parente F, Molteni M, Marino B, Colli A, Ardizzone S, Greco S, et al. Are colonoscopy and bowel ultrasound useful for assessing response to short-term therapy and predicting disease outcome of moderate-to-severe forms of ulcerative colitis? a prospective study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105:1150–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Bremner AR, Griffiths M, Argent JD, Fairhurst JJ, Beattie RM. Sonographic evaluation of inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective, blinded, comparative study. Pediatr Radiol. 2006;36:947–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Antonelli E, Giuliano V, Casella G, Villanacci V, Baldini V, Baldoni M. Ultrasonographic assessment of colonic wall in moderate-severe ulcerative colitis: comparison with endoscopic findings. Dig Liver Dis. 2011;43:703–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Civitelli F, Di Nardo G, Oliva S, Nuti F, Ferrari F, Dilillo A,Viola F, Pallotta N, Cucchiara S, Aloi M. Ultrasonography of the colon in pediatric ulcerative colitis: a prospective, blind, comparative study with colonoscopy. J Pediatr 2014;165(1):78–84 e2.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico, 155, Rome, 00161, Italy

    Nadia Pallotta MD, PhD & Enrico S. Corazziari MD

Authors
  1. Nadia Pallotta MD, PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Enrico S. Corazziari MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Nadia Pallotta MD, PhD or Enrico S. Corazziari MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Digestive Disease Institute, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA

    Richard Kozarek

  2. Digestive Disease Institute, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA

    Michael Chiorean

  3. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA

    Michael Wallace

Electronic Supplementary Material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

SICUS video showing normal jejunal loops. The oral contrast distending the intestinal lumen allows to visualize and assess the thickness of intestinal wall and the presence and distribution of intestinal folds. (MP4 5,172 kb)

SICUS video showing a pathological CD ileal tract. (MP4 1,871 kb)

SICUS video showing a pathological CD ileal tract with reduced lumen diameter. The oral contrast distending the intestinal lumen allows to measure lumen diameter and motor activity of intestinal wall. (MP4 5,210 kb)

SICUS video showing several pathological CD ileal tracts. Note the hypoechoic duct-like shaped images arising from the thickened intestinal wall through a wrapping mesentery and through the adjacent pathological tract. (MP4 7,339 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pallotta, N., Corazziari, E.S. (2015). Ultrasound. In: Kozarek, R., Chiorean, M., Wallace, M. (eds) Endoscopy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11077-6_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11077-6_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-11076-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-11077-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation