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Secondary Antiphospholipid Syndrome

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Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome

Part of the book series: Rare Diseases of the Immune System ((RDIS))

Abstract

Secondary antiphospholipid syndrome (SAPS) is APS that occurs in the context of another medical condition. Although antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) can occur in patients with viral, bacterial, or protozoal infections, they are rarely associated with thrombosis. An exception is catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome which, although extremely rare in itself, is precipitated by infection in a quarter of the cases where a specific trigger can be identified. Antiphospholipid antibodies are also found in patients with malignancy and who are taking certain drugs, but very few of these patients develop SAPS.

The majority of SAPS cases occur in association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In fact many authors now prefer the term SLE-associated APS. Estimates for how commonly this combination occurs vary widely, but aPL occur in up to 30–40 % of patients with SLE, and 30–70 % of these aPL-positive patients may develop APS. The clinical features and management of SLE-associated APS are similar to those of primary APS though some symptoms such as arthritis are more common in the SLE-associated form. It can sometimes be difficult to work out whether the clinical manifestations in an individual patient with SLE-associated APS are due to inflammation or thrombosis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Medicine, Centre for Rheumatology Research, University College London, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK

    Anisur Rahman

  2. Department of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Istituto Ortopedico Gaetano Pini, Piazza Cardinale Andrea Ferrari 1, Milan, 20122, Italy

    Maria Gabriella Raimondo

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  1. Anisur Rahman
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  2. Maria Gabriella Raimondo
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Correspondence to Anisur Rahman or Maria Gabriella Raimondo .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Rheumatology, Gaetano Pini Institute, Milan, Milano, Italy

    Pier Luigi Meroni

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Rahman, A., Raimondo, M.G. (2015). Secondary Antiphospholipid Syndrome. In: Meroni, P. (eds) Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome. Rare Diseases of the Immune System. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11044-8_19

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11044-8_19

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