Skip to main content

Conjectures, Proofs, and Counterexamples

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 2487 Accesses

Abstract

The collection of integers is defined to be the set of numbers

$$ \left\{\dots, - 3, - 2, - 1,\ 0,\ 1,\ 2,\ 3,\dots \right\} $$

where the dots indicate that the pattern continues indefinitely in each direction. The integers are also sometimes called the whole numbers. We will use these terms interchangeably. In this chapter we will introduce definitions of the terms even, odd, divides and prime. Then we will develop the skills needed to prove statements about the integers relating to these terms. Direct proofs, indirect proofs, and proofs by contradiction are included.

Before we take to sea we walk on land. Before we create we must understand.

—Joseph-Louis Lagrange, 1736–1813

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   44.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    The term whole numbers does not have a standard definition. It is sometimes used to represent the positive integers (1, 2, …), sometimes the non-negative integers (0, 1, 2, …) and sometimes the entire collection of integers. We will use whole number interchangeably with integer to emphasize that we are not including fractions.

  2. 2.

    The novel is called Uncle Petros and Goldbachs Conjecture: A Novel of Mathematical Obsession by Apostolos Doxiadis.

  3. 3.

    Sometimes, the connective “not” is called a unary connective since it is applied to a single statement, rather than to connect two or more statements.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Sylvia Forman and Agnes M. Rash

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Forman, S., Rash, A.M. (2015). Conjectures, Proofs, and Counterexamples. In: The Whole Truth About Whole Numbers. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11035-6_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics