Abstract
The formation of biofilms on implants by bacteria is difficult to treat, life-threatening, and costly. Hence, alternatives for the prevention of biofilm infections are urgently needed. The assessment of rhythm management devices revealed colonization of 47 % by asymptomatic biofilm communities. Comparison with infected implants showed a much higher biodiversity of the infectious biofilm communities which were dominated by pathogenic Staphylococcus species. The results suggest that it is not essential to suppress any biofilm formation but only pathogenic bacteria species. The situation differed considerably for biofilms on dental implants. Here parts of the implant are always in a non-sterile environment and on all implants biofilm communities could be found. More than 60 different species could be identified from infected dental implants but contrary to the pacemakers no clear pathogen was found. The results indicate different mechanisms of infections requiring individual concepts for biofilm prevention on implants.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Wolcott, R., Costerton, J.W., Raoult, D., Cutler, S.J.: The polymicrobial nature of biofilm infection. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 19, 107–112 (2013)
Hassett, D.J., Ma, J.F., Elkins, J.G., McDermott, T.R., Ochsner, U.A., West, S.E., Huang, C.T., Fredericks, J., Burnett, S., Stewart, P.S., McFeters, G., Passador, L., Iglewski, B.H.: Quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa controls expression of catalase and superoxide dismutase genes and mediates biofilm susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide. Mol. Microbiol. 34, 1082–1093 (1999)
Walker, J.T., Bradshaw, D.J., Fulford, M.R., Marsh, P.D.: Microbiological evaluation of a range of disinfectant products to control mixed-species biofilm contamination in a laboratory model of a dental unit water system. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69, 3327–3332 (2003)
Stewart, P.S., Costerton, J.W.: Antibiotic resistance of bacteria in biofilms. Lancet 358, 135–138 (2001)
Macedo, A.J., Abraham, W.-R.: Can infectious biofilms be controlled by blocking bacterial communication? Med. Chem. 5, 517–528 (2009)
Herwaldt, L.A., Cullen, J.J., Scholz, D., French, P., Zimmerman, M.B., Pfaller, M.A., Wenzel, R.P., Perl, T.M.: A prospective study of outcomes, healthcare resource utilization, and costs associated with postoperative nosocomial infections. Infect. Control Hospital Epidemiol. 27, 1291–1298 (2006)
Darouiche, R.O.: Treatment of infections associated with surgical implants. N. Engl. J. Med. 350, 1422–1429 (2004)
Leone, M., Dillon, L.R.: Catheter outcomes in home infusion. J. Infus. Nurs. 31, 84–91 (2008)
Presterl, E.: Implantatinfektionen. Chemother. J. 18, 56–60 (2009)
Woese, C.R.: Bacterial evolution. Microbiol. Rev. 51, 221–271 (1987)
Fraher, M.H., O’Toole, P.W., Quigley, E.M.: Techniques used to characterize the gut microbiota: a guide for the clinician. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 9, 312–322 (2012)
Schwieger, F., Tebbe, C.C.: A new approach to utilize PCR-single-strand-conformation polymorphism for 16S rRNA gene-based microbial community analysis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64, 4870–4876 (1998)
Pichlmaier, M., Marwitz, V., Kühn, C., Niehaus, M., Klein, G., Bara, C., Haverich, A., Abraham, W.-R.: High prevalence of asymptomatic bacterial colonization of rhythm management devices. Europace 10, 1067–1072 (2008)
Cox, M.J., Cookson, W.O., Moffatt, M.F.: Sequencing the human microbiome in health and disease. Hum. Mol. Genet. 22(R1), R88–R94 (2013)
Pichlmaier, M., Knigina, L., Kuehn, C., Khaladj, N., Oswald, H., Klein, G., Haverich, A., Abraham, W.-R.: The role of cohabitant unusual bacterial species in infection of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIED). Technol. Health Care 21, 87–96 (2013)
Rohacek, M., Weisser, M., Kobza, R., Schoenenberger, A.W., Pfyffer, G.E., Frei, R., Erne, P., Trampuz, A.: Bacterial colonization and infection of electrophysiological cardiac devices detected with sonication and swab culture. Circulation 121, 1691–1697 (2010)
Eribe, E.R., Olsen, I.: Leptotrichia species in human infections. Anaerobe 14, 131–137 (2008)
Ruiter, N.M., Cnossen, T.T., Bakker, R.C., van Keulen, P.J.H.: Sphingobium olei peritonitis: peritoneal dialysis in turmoil? Perit. Dial. Int. 33, 102–103 (2013)
Lee, A., Wang, H.L.: Biofilm related to dental implants. Implant Dent. 19, 387–393 (2010)
Periasamy, S., Kolenbrander, P.E.: Central role of early colonizer Veillonella sp. in establishing multispecies biofilm communities with initial, middle and late colonizers of enamel. J. Bacteriol. 192, 2965–2972 (2010)
Diaz, P.I., Chalmers, N.I., Rickard, A.H., Kong, C., Milburn, C.L., Palmer Jr, R.J., Kolenbrander, P.E.: Molecular characterization of subject-specific oral microflora during initial colonization of enamel. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72, 2837–2848 (2006)
Heuer, W., Stiesch, M., Abraham, W.-R.: Microbial diversity of supra- and subgingival biofilms on freshly colonized titanium implant abutments in the human mouth. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 30, 193–200 (2011)
Socransky, S.S., Haffajee, A.D., Cugini, M.A., Smith, C., Kent Jr, R.L.: Microbial complexes in subgingival plaque. J. Clin. Periodontol. 25, 134–144 (1998)
Schreiber, S., Rosenstiel, P., Albrecht, M., Hampe, J., Krawczak, M.: Genetics of Crohn disease, an archetypal inflammatory barrier disease. Nat. Rev. Genet. 6, 376–388 (2005)
Burmølle, M., Webb, J.S., Rao, D., Hansen, L.H., Sørensen, S.J., Kjelleberg, S.: Enhanced biofilm formation and increased resistance to antimicrobial agents and bacterial invasion are caused by synergistic interactions in multispecies biofilms. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72, 3916–3923 (2006)
Turnbaugh, P.J., Quince, C., Faith, J.J., McHardy, A.C., Yatsunenko, T., Niazi, F., Affourtit, J., Egholm, M., Henrissat, B., Knight, R., Gordon, J.I.: Organismal, genetic, and transcriptional variation in the deeply sequenced gut microbiomes of identical twins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107, 7503–7508 (2010)
Acknowledgments
The excellent technical assistance of several members of the research group Chemical Microbiology is gratefully acknowledged. I thank Maximilian Pichlmaier (formerly Medical School Hannover, now University Hospital Munich, Germany) and Meike Stiesch (Medical School Hannover) for contributing the clinical samples and patient data to this study. Parts of the study have been supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG-SFB Collaborative Research Center 599).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Abraham, WR. (2015). Implant Related Infections. In: Lenarz, T., Wriggers, P. (eds) Biomedical Technology. Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics, vol 74. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10981-7_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10981-7_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-10980-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-10981-7
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)