Abstract
Azo dyes are one of the largest groups of textile dyes , extensively used for dyeing purposes. A significant proportion of these dyes were entering into the surrounding environment in the form of wastewater.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Blumel S, Contzen M, Lutz M, Stolz A, Knackmuss H (1998) Isolation of a bacterial strain with the ability to utilize the sulfonated azo compound 4-carboxy-4′-sulfoazobenzene as the sole source of carbon and energy. App Environ Microbiol 64:2315–2317
Call H, Mucke I (1997) Minireview: history, overview and applications of mediated lignolytic systems, especially laccase-mediator-systems (Lignozym-Process). J Biotechnol 53:163–202
Cao W, Mahadevan B, Crawford DL, Crawford RL (1993) Characterization of an extracellular azo dye-oxidizing peroxidase from Flavobacterium sp. ATCC39723. Enzyme Microb Techhnol 15:810–817
Chang JS, Kuo TS (2000) Kinetics of bacterial decolorization of azo dye with Escherichia coli NO3. Bioresour Technol 75:107–111
Chang J, Chou C, Lin Y, Ho J, Hu T (2001) Kinetic characteristics of bacterial azo-dye decolorization by Pseudomonas luteola. Water Res 35:2041–2850
Chang JS, Chen BY, Lin YC (2004) Stimulation of bacterial decolorization of an azo dye by extracellular metabolites from Escherichia coli strain NO3. Bioresour Technol 91:243–248
Chen KC, Huang WT, Wu JY, Houng JY (1999) Microbial decolorization of azo dyes by Proteus mirabilis. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 23:686–690
Chen KC, Wu JY, Liou DJ, Hwang SJ (2003) Decolorization of textile dyes by newly isolated bacterial strains. J Biotechnol 101:57–68
Chen H, Hopper SL, Cerniglia CE (2005) Biochemical and molecular characterization of an azoreductase from Staphylococcus aureus, a tetrameric NADPH-dependent flavoprotein. Microbiology 151:1433–1441
Chung KT, Cerniglia CE (1992) Mutagenicity of azo dyes: structure-activity relationships. Mutat Res 277:201–220
Claus H (2003) Laccases and their occurrence in prokaryotes. Arch Microbiol 179:145–150
Claus H (2004) Laccases: structure, reactions, distribution. Micron 35:93–96
Dawkar VV, Jadhav UU, Jadhav SU, Govindwar SP (2008) Biodegradation of disperse textile dye Brown 3REL by newly isolated Bacillus sp. VUS. J Appl Microbiol 105:14–24
Dhanve RS, Shedbalkar UU, Jadhav JP (2008a) Biodegradation of diazo reactive dye Navy blue HE2R (Reactive blue 172) by an isolated Exiguobacterium sp. RD3. J Bioproc Biotechnol Eng 13:1–8
Dhanve RS, Kalyani DC, Phugare SS, Jadhav JP (2008b) Coordinate action of exiguobacterial oxidoreductive enzymes in biodegradation of reactive yellow 84A dye. Biodegradation 20:245–255
Diniz P, Lopes A, Lino A, Serralheiro M (2002) Anaerobic reduction of a sulfonated azo dye Congo red by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 97:147–163
Dos Santos AB, Traverse J, Cervantes FJ, Lier JB (2004) Enhancing the electron transfer capacity and subsequent color removal in bioreactors by applying thermophilic anaerobic treatment and redox mediators. Biotechnol Bioeng 89:42–52
Dos Santos AB, Cervantesc FJ, van Lierb JB (2007) Review paper on current technologies for decolorization of textile wastewaters: perspectives for anaerobic biotechnology. Bioresour Technol 98:2369–2385
Dubin P, Wright KL (1975) Reduction of azo food dyes in cultures of Proteus vulgaris. Xenobiotica 5:563–571
Echiqo O, Ritsuko T (2001) Bacterial polyphenol oxidase from bacillus for use in oxidation of colored substances. US Patent No. 6184014
Eichhorn E, Vanderploeg JR, Leisinger T (2000) Deletion analysis of the Escherchia coli taurine and alkanesulfonate transport systems. J Bacteriol 82:2687–2695
Field JA, Brady J (2003) Riboflavin as a redox mediator accelerating the reduction of azo dye mordant yellow 10 by anaerobic granular sludge. Water Sci Technol 48:187–193
Ghodake GS, Kalme SD, Jadhav JP, Govindwar SP (2008) Purification and partial characterization of lignin peroxidase from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus NCIM 2890 and its application in decolorization of textile dyes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. doi:10.1007/s12010-008-8258-4
Givaudan A, Effosse A, Faure D, Potier P, Bouillant M, Bally R (1993) Polyphenol oxidase in Azospirillum lipoferum isolated from rice rhizosphere: evidence for laccase activity in nonmotile strains of Azospirillum lipoferum. FEMS Microbiol Lett 108:205–210
Gomare SS, Jadhav JP, Govindwar SP (2008) Degradation of sulfonated azo dyes by the purified lignin peroxidase from Brevibacillus laterosporus MTCC 2298. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng 13:136–143
Işık M, Sponza DT (2005) Effects of alkalinity and co-substrate on the performance of an up flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor through decolorization of Congo Red azo dye. Bioresour Technol 96:633–643
Jadhav UU, Dawkar VV, Ghodake GS, Govindwar SP (2008) Biodegradation of Direct Red 5B, a textile dye by newly isolated Comamonas sp. UVS. J Hazard Mat 158:507–516
Jadhav UU, Dawkar VV, Tamboli DP, Govindwar SP (2009) Purification and characterization of veratryl alcohol oxidase from Comamonas sp. UVS and its role in decolorization of textile dyes. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng 14:369–376
Kadam AA, Kamatkar JD, Khandare RV, Jadhav JP, Govindwar SP (2013a) Solid state fermentation: tool for bioremediation of adsorbed textile dyestuff on distillery industry waste-yeast biomass using isolated Bacillus cereus strain EBT1. Environ Sci Pollut Res 20:1009–1020
Kadam AA, Lade HS, Patil SM, Govindwar SP (2013b) Low cost CaCl2 pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse for enhancement of textile dyes adsorption and subsequent biodegradation of adsorbed dyes under solid state fermentation. Bioresour Technol 132:276–284
Kalme SD, Parshetti GK, Jadhav SU, Govindwar SP (2007) Biodegradation of benzidine based dye Direct Blue-6 by Pseudomonas desmolyticum NCIM 2112. Bioresour Technol 98:1405–1410
Kalme S, Jadhav S, Jadhav M, Govindwar S (2009) Textile dye degrading laccase from Pseudomonas desmolyticum NCIM 2112. Enzyme Microb Technol 44:65–71
Kalyani DC, Patil PS, Jadhav JP, Govindwar SP (2008) Biodegradation of reactive textile dye Red BLI by an isolated bacterium Pseudomonas sp. SUK1. Bioresour Technol 99:4635–4641
Kapdan I, Kargi F, McMullan G, Marchant R (2000) Decolorization of textile dyestuffs by a mixed bacterial consortium. Biotechnol Lett 22:1179–1181
Keck A, Klein J, Kudlich M, Stolz A, Knackmuss HJ, Mattes R (1997) Reduction of azo dyes by redox mediators originating in the naphthalenesulfonic acid degradation pathway of Sphingomonas sp. strain BN6. Appl Environ Microbiol 63:3684–3690
Kersten P, Tien M, Kalyanaraman B, Kirk T (1985) The ligninase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium generates cation radicals from methoxybenzenes. J Biol Chem 260:2609–2612
Khehra MS, Saini HS, Sharma DK, Chadha BS, Chimni SS (2005) Decolorization of various azo dyes by bacterial consortia. Dyes Pigm 67:55–61
Kodam K, Soojhawon I, Lokhande P, Gawai K (2005) Microbial decolorization of reactive azo dyes under aerobic conditions. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 21:367–370
Kulla HG (1981) Microbial degradation of xenobiotics and recalcitrant compounds. In: Leisinger T, Cook AM, Niiesch J, Hiitter R (eds.) Academic Press, London, pp 387–399
Kulla HG, Klausener F, Meyer O, Ludeke B, Leisinger T (1983) Interference of aromatic sulfo groups in the microbial degradation of the azo dyes orange I and orange II. Arch Microbiol 135:1–7
Lade HS, Waghmode TR, Kadam AA, Govindwar SP (2012) Enhanced biodegradation and detoxification of disperse azo dye Rubine GFL and textile industry effluent by defined fungal-bacterial consortium. Int Biodeter Biodegrad 72:94–100
Levine WG (1991) Metabolism of azo dyes: implication for detoxification and activation. Drug Metab Rev 23:253–309
Locher HH, Poolman B, Cook AM, Konings WN (1993) Uptake of 4-toluene sulfonate by Comamonas testosteroni T-2. J Bacteriol 175:1075–1080
Maas R, Chaudhari S (2005) Adsorption and biological decolorization of azo dye Reactive Red 2 in semicontinuous anaerobic reactors. Process Biochem 40:699–705
Mansour HB, Mosrati R, Corroler D, Ghedira K, Barillier D, Chekir L (2008) In vitro mutagenicity of acid violet 7 and its degradation products by Pseudomonas putida mt-2: correlation with chemical structures. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 27:231–236
Mechsner K, Wuhrmann K (1982) Cell permeability as a rate limiting factor in the microbial reduction of sulfonated azo dyes. European J Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 15:123–126
Mendez-Paz D, Omil F, Lema J (2005) Anaerobic treatment of azo dye acid orange 7 under fed-batch and continuous conditions. Water Res 39:771–778
Mezohegyi G, Bengoa C, Stubera F, Fonta J, Fabregat A, Fortuny A (2008) Novel bioreactor design for decolorisation of azo dye effluents. Chem Eng J 143:293–298
Moosvi S, Keharia H, Madamawar D (2005) Decolorization of textile dye Reactive Violet by a newly isolated bacterial consortium. RVM 11.1. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 21:667–672
Nigam P, Banat I, Singh D, Marchant R (1996) Microbial process for the decolorization of textile effluent containing azo, diazo and reactive dyes. Process Biochem 31:435–442
Padmavathy S, Sandhya S, Swaminathan K, Subrahmanyam Y, Kaul S (2003) Comparison of decolorization of reactive azo dyes by microorganisms isolated from various sources. J Environ Sci 15:628–633
Pandey A, Singh P, Iyengar L (2007) Bacterial decolorization and degradation of azo dyes. Int Biodeter Biodegrad 59:73–84
Parshetti G, Kalme S, Saratale G, Govindwar S (2006) Biodegradation of malachite green by Kocuria rosea MTCC 1532. Acta Chim Slov 53:492–498
Parshetti GK, Kalme SD, Gomare SS, Govindwar SP (2007) Biodegradation of Reactive blue-25 by Aspergillus ochraceus NCIM-1146. Bioresour Technol 98:3638–3642
Patil PS, Shedbalkar UU, Kalyani DC, Jadhav JP (2008) Biodegradation of Reactive Blue 59 by isolated bacterial consortium PMB113. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 35:1181–1190
Paul J, Kadam AA, Govindwar SP, Kumar P, Varshney L (2012) An insight into the influence of low dose irradiation pretreatment on the microbial decoloration and degradation of Reactive red-120 dye. Chemosphere 90:1348–1358
Rafii F, Cerniglia CE (1995) Reduction of azo dyes and nitroaromatic compounds by bacterial enzymes from the human intestinal tract. Environ Health Persp 103:17–19
Rafii F, Franklin W, Cerniglia CE (1990) Azoreductase activity of anaerobic bacteria isolated from human intestinal microflora. Appl Environ Microbiol 56:2146–2151
Ridge P, Lin M, Larsen I, Fegan M, McEwan G, Sly I (2007) A multicopper oxidase is essential for manganese oxidation and laccase-like activity in Pedomicrobium sp. ACM 3067. Environ Microbiol 9:944–953
Roxon JJ, Ryan AJ, Wright SE (1967) Enzymatic reduction of tartrazine by Proteus vulgaris from rats. Food Cosmet Toxicol 5:645–656
Russ R, Rau J, Stolz A (2000) The function of cytoplasmic Flavin reductases in the reduction of azo dyes by bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 66:1429–1434
Salokhe MD, Govindwar SP (1999) Effect of carbon source on the biotransformation enzymes in Serratia marcescens. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 15:229–232
Senan RC, Abraham TE (2004) Bioremediation of textile azo dyes by aerobic bacterial consortium. Biodegradation 15:275–280
Solano F, Sanchez-Amat A (1999) Studies on the phylogenetic relationships of melanogenic marine bacteria: proposal of Marinomonas mediterranea sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 49:1241–1246
Solano F, Garcia E, De Perez EE, Sanchez-Amat A (1997) Isolation and characterization of strain MMB-1 (CECT 4803), a novel melanogenic marine bacterium. Appl Environ Microbiol 63:3499–3506
Tamboli DP, Telke AA, Dawkar VV, Jadhav SB, Govindwar SP (2011) Purification and characterization of bacterial aryl alcohol oxidase from Sphingobacterium sp. ATM and its uses in textile dye decolorization. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng 16:661–668
Telke AA (2009) Microbes and its enzymes as bioremediation tool for degradation of bisphenol A and textile dyes. Ph.D. thesis, Shivaji University, Kolhapur
Telke AA, Kalyani DC, Jadhav JP, Govindwar SP (2008) Kinetics and mechanism of reactive red 141 degradation by a bacterial isolate Rhizobium radiobacter MTCC 8161. Acta Chim Slov 55:320–329
Telke A, Kalyani D, Dawkar V, Govindwar S (2009) Influence of organic and inorganic compounds on oxidoreductive decolorization of sulfonated azo dye C.I. Reactive orange 16. J Hazard Mater 172:298–309
Telke A, Ghodake G, Kalyani C, Dhanve R, Govindwar S (2011) Biochemical characteristics of a textile dye degrading extracellular laccase. Bacillus sp ADR Bioresour Technol 02:1752–1756
Thurnheer T, Kohler T, Cook AM, Leisinger T (1986) Orthanilic acid and analogues as carbon sources for bacteria: growth physiology and enzymic desulphonation. J Gen Microbiol 132:1215–1220
Tien M, Kirk TK (1983) Lignin-degrading enzyme from the hymenomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium burds. Science 221:661–663
Tien M, Kirk TK, Bull C, Fee JA (1986) Steady-state and transient-state kinetic studies on the oxidation of 3, 4-Dimethoxybenzyl alcohol catalyzed by the ligninase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium burds. J Biol Chem 261:1687–1693
Umezawa T, Higuchi T (1987) Mechanism of aromatic ring cleavage of h-O-4 lignin substructure models by lignin proxidase. FEBS Lett 218:255–260
van der Zee FP, Lettinga G, Field JA (2001a) Azo dye decolorisation by anaerobic granular sludge. Chemosphere 21:1169–1176
van der Zee FP, Burwman RHM, Strik DPTB, Lettinga G, Field JA (2001b) Application of redox mediators to accelerate the transformation of reactive azo dyes in anaerobic bioreactor. Biotechnol Bioengin 75:691–701
van der Zee F, Bisschops I, Lettings G, Field J (2003) Activated carbon as an electron acceptor and redox mediator during the anaerobic biotransformation of azo dyes. Environ Sci Technol 37:402–408
Walker R (1970) The metabolism of azo compounds: a review of the literature. Food Cosmet Toxicol 8:659–676
Whitaker JR (1994) Principles of enzymology for the food sciences. Marcel Dekker, New York
Wuhrmann K, Mechsner K, Kappeler T (1980) Investigation on rate-determining factors in the microbial reduction of azo dyes. European J Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 9:325–338
Yoo E, Libra J, Wiesmannn U (2000) Reduction of azo dyes by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. Water Sci Technol 41:15–22
Yu J, Wang X, Yue PL (2001) Optimal decolorization and kinetic modeling of synthetic dyes by Pseudomonas strains. Water Res 35:3579–3586
Zimmermann T, Kulla H, Leisinger T (1982) Properties of purified orange II azoreductase, the enzyme initiating azo dye degradation by Pseudomonas KF46. Eur J Biochem 129:197–203
Zimmermann T, Gasser F, Kulla H, Leisinger T (1984) Comparison of two bacterial azoreductases acquired during adaptation to growth on azo dyes. Arch Microbiol 138:37–43
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Telke, A.A., Kadam, A.A., Govindwar, S.P. (2015). Bacterial Enzymes and Their Role in Decolorization of Azo Dyes. In: Singh, S. (eds) Microbial Degradation of Synthetic Dyes in Wastewaters. Environmental Science and Engineering(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10942-8_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10942-8_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-10941-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-10942-8
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)